丝路寒旱区不同品种肉牛育肥期日增重及屠宰性能对比  

Comparison of Daily Gain and Slaughter Performance of Different Beef Cattle Breeds During Fattening Period in Cold and Arid Regions of Silk Road

作　　者：鞠伟国 马斌 杨博 王磊 武泽文 刘钦春 陈国栋 王国栋 田春花 JU Wei-guo;MA Bin;YANG Bo;WANG Lei;WU Ze-wen;LIU qin-chun;CHENG Guo-dong;WANG Guo-dong;TIAN Chun-hua(Zhangye Livestock Breeding and Improvement Workstation,Zhangye,Gansu 734000;Yanbian Agricultural University,Yanbian,Jilin 133000;Smart Ranch of Gansu Qilian Mushrooming Industry Co,Ltd,Zhangye,Gansu 734000;Beijing Lianyue Beef Breeding Science and Technology Co,Ltd,Beijing 100193)

机构地区：[1]张掖市家畜繁育改良工作站,甘肃张掖734000 [2]延边农业大学,吉林延边133000 [3]甘肃省祁连牧歌实业有限公司智慧牧场,甘肃张掖734000 [4]北京联育肉牛育种科技有限公司,北京100193

出　　处：《中国牛业科学》2023年第6期38-43,共6页China Cattle Science

基　　金：甘肃省科技重大专项(21ZD11NG006);甘肃省科技创新引导计划(21CX6NA042);甘肃省农业科技项目(GNKJ-2022-12);甘肃省农业科技支撑项目(KJZC-2023-20)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解不同肉牛品种在丝路寒旱区的育肥屠宰性能,为育肥选择牛源、品种和确定育肥期提供科学的决策依据。【方法】以甘肃张掖舍饲管理条件下的公犊牛育肥、出栏记录为样本进行分析,比较在相同的饲养管理条件下不同品种肉牛的育肥期日增重;以现代化流水屠宰加工车间屠宰牛只胴体过磅记录为样本对不同品种宰前重、胴体重和屠宰率进行比较分析。【结果】根据智慧牧场24批次入场培育和育肥和屠宰车间屠宰11779头牛只信息分析,目前丝路寒旱区以张掖肉牛、安格斯和荷斯坦3个品种为主进行肉牛生产,其中:公牛育肥产肉占84.54%,其中:张掖肉牛占74.61%居主导地位,安格斯占16.08%,荷斯坦占9.31%。在相同的饲养和管理条件下,经250 d育肥平均日增重张掖肉牛达1.41 kg、安格斯1.33 kg,荷斯坦1.19 kg。安格斯胴体重和屠宰率最高,分别为393.21 kg和57.83%,张掖肉牛次之。【结论】(张掖)肉牛育肥优势突出,日增重达到较高水平。现有的3个品种在这里育肥效果均较好,育肥期平均日增重均达到1.19 kg以上。西门塔尔牛肉牛达到1.41 kg,与公开报到的试验结果相比具有明显的优势。品种不同但各有优势,安格斯育肥期长,胴体重和屠宰率高,是生产高档牛肉的品种;张掖肉牛育肥期短、日增重高,生产周期短,周转快;荷斯坦公犊育肥丰富市场牛肉供应。但在育肥牛源始重的选择上有一定的区别,张掖肉牛以300 kg左右架子牛育肥比较普遍,安格斯和荷斯坦以200 kg左右犊牛持续育肥为主。品种间平均日增重差异较大。在相同的生产周期和饲养管理条件下若选择张掖肉牛育肥,尽量选择300 kg以上,以较高的日增重和短的育肥期获得较高的投资收益回报。育肥期平均日增重与育肥期长短关联性较强。如果育肥期相同,始重大则日增重高;而始重相同,育肥期长日增重低;生产中�[Objective]The aim of this study was to understand the fusing and slaughtering performance of different beef cattle breeds in cold and arid regions of the Silk Road.Moreover,it provided scientific decision-making basis for the selection of cattle sources,breeds and the length of fusing period for large-scale beef cattle finders on the Rural Revitalization Road.[Methods]The fattening and fattening records of male calves in Zhangye,Gansu Province were analyzed as samples,and the daily gain of different beef cattle in fattening period was compared under the same feeding management conditions.The weight before slaughter,carcass weight and slaughtering rate of different breeds were compared and analyzed by using the carcass weight records of modern streamline slaughtering workshop as samples.[Results]According to the information analysis of 11,779 cattle slaughtered by 24 batches of breeding,fattening and slaughtering workshops in Wisdom Ranch,there were ZY,Angus(AG)and Holstein(HS)in beef cattle production in cold and arid regions of Silk Road.Meat fattening with bull accounted for 84.54%,among which ZY accounted for 74.61%,Angus accounted for 16.08%,Holstein accounted for 9.31%.Adjusted to 250 days fattening period average daily gain Zhangye beef 1.41kg,Angus 1.33kg and Holstein 1.19kg.The carcass weight and slaughter percentage of Angus were the highest,which were 393.21kg and 57.83%,respectively,followed by Zhangye beef.[Conclusion]The implementation of Gansu characteristic modern Silk Road cold and drought agricultural major project has obvious results,Zhangye beef cattle industry has prominent advantages,and the level of fattening is higher.Zhangye is located in the golden corn industrial belt of 380 north latitude in the cold and arid regions of the Silk Road.It has a suitable climate and rich forage resources,which is suitable for the development of beef cattle industry.The three varieties had good fattening effect here,and the average daily gain during fattening period was more than 1.19kg.Different varieties

关 键 词：丝路寒旱区 张掖肉牛、安格斯、荷斯坦 育肥期日增重 屠宰性能 对比 

分 类 号：S823.8[农业科学—畜牧学]