基于便携式地物高光谱仪的文物材料分析研究进展  

Recent Advances in the Application of the Field-Portable Hyperspectral Radiometer to Characterize Materials Concerning Cultural Heritage

作　　者：王聪[1,2] Mara Camaiti[3] 刘呆运 铁付德 曹颐戬 WANG Cong;Mara Camaiti;LIU Dai-yun;TIE Fu-de;CAO Yi-jian(China-Central Asia“The Belt and Road”Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research(Northwest University),Xi'an 710127,China;Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation(Northwest University),Ministry of Education,Xi'an 710127,China;CNR-Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources,Florence 50121,Italy;Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology,Xi'an 710043,China;Key Laboratory of Archaeological Exploration and Cultural Heritage Conservation Technology(Northwestern Polytechnical University),Ministry of Education,Xi'an 710072,China;Institute of Culture and Heritage,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国-中亚人类与环境“一带一路”联合实验室(西北大学),陕西西安710127 [2]文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室(西北大学),陕西西安710127 [3]CNR-Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources,Florence 50121,Italy [4]陕西省考古研究院,陕西西安710043 [5]考古探测与文物保护技术教育部重点实验室(西北工业大学),陕西西安710072 [6]西北工业大学文化遗产研究院,陕西西安710072

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2024年第5期1218-1226,共9页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD237);科技部“一带一路”创新人才交流国家级外专项目;陕西省教育厅科技计划项目(2021JK0947);中央高校基本科研业务费资助。

摘　　要：文物承载着灿烂文明,传承着历史文化,是全人类的宝贵遗产。由于文物不可再生的珍贵性,以及最少干预的文物保护基本原则,无损分析技术始终是文物制作工艺研究、劣化机理及保护修复研究中材料分析的最主要技术手段。因此,研发、应用新型无损分析技术是文物保护利用的重要研究方向。近年来,源于遥感领域的便携式地物高光谱仪在文物材料分析中展现出强大应用潜力,并且已在石质古建筑、绘画等文物修复中成功应用。作为一种无需采样的非侵入式光谱技术,便携式地物高光谱仪可在极短时间获取一个涵盖可见光-近红外-短波红外波段(350~2500 nm)的全波段、高分辨率反射光谱。同时,其便携程度很高,对工作环境、光源等无特殊要求,可在野外文物或遗址现场原位使用。此外,在采集光谱数据的同时还可通过遥感技术实现数据的远程传输和分析。上述技术特点使其在文物材料分析中具有独特的应用优势。以光谱技术的基本原理为基础,首先介绍了目前文物材料分析中常用便携式地物高光谱仪的设备型号及其性能指标;其次细致梳理了近十年来其在有机质/无机质文物材料定性和定量分析、文物保护材料分析,以及文物修复原位、实时监测等方面的应用现状;之后深入探讨了谱图预处理的规范和建立标准波谱库等两个影响该技术应用效果的关键问题;最后展望了该技术的发展趋势,预期在脆弱有机质文物分析、多种分析技术联合应用和定量分析研究方面前景广阔。Cultural heritage is the precious,non-renewable cultural resource of all humanity.Due to the preciousness of cultural heritage and also based on the basic principle of minimal intervention in heritage conservation,non-destructive analysis has always been the most important technology for materials characterization in the field of heritage science(e.g.studies on the original manufacturing process,deterioration mechanism and conservation/restoration technology).Therefore,developing and applying novel non-destructive analysis technology is an indispensable research direction in heritage science.Recently,the field-portable hyperspectral radiometer,originating from remote sensing as a light energy radiometer,has shown great application potential in analyzing heritage objects and has already been successfully applied in restoring ancient stone architecture,paintings,and others.As a non-invasive spectral technique that does not require sampling,the field-portable hyperspectral radiometer can acquire a full-band,high-resolution reflectance spectrum covering visible-near-infrared and shortwave infrared bands(350~2500 nm)in a very short time.At the same time,it is highly portable.It can be used in the field or archaeological sites regardless of the environmental conditions.Moreover,remote sensing technology can be used to realize remote transmission and analysis of spectral data during spectral acquisition.All these characteristics are unique advantages for their application in characterizing artworks.This paper introduces the equipment type and characteristics of the field-portable hyperspectral radiometer commonly used first.The application status in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic/inorganic artworks,the analysis of conservation materials,and the in situ and real-time monitoring of the conservation/restoration process in the past ten years are reviewed afterwards.Then,two key problems that affect the accuracy and efficiency of using this technique are discussed in depth,i.e.the specification of spect

关 键 词：地物高光谱仪 文物 材料分析 无损分析 

分 类 号：K854.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]