非生物环境因子对植物性别表达的影响研究进展  

Research progress on the effects of abiotic environmental factors on plant sex expression

作　　者：陈鑫 王磊 杨丽丽 闫兴富 唐占辉 CHEN Xin;WANG Lei;YANG Lili;YAN Xingfu;TANG Zhanhui(School of Environment/State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130117,China;College of Biological Science and Engineering/Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin,National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China,North Minzu University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学环境学院,国家环境保护湿地生态与植被恢复重点实验室,长春130117 [2]北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院,国家民委黄河流域农牧交错区生态保护重点实验室,银川750021

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2024年第4期1161-1169,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960228)资助。

摘　　要：植物性别表达适应环境因子的机制一直是进化生物学和生态学研究的重要问题。植物在不同环境因子中表现出复杂而多样的适应性,受到自身基因调控、激素合成等的影响,其性别表达模式也随环境因子的变化而不同。认识植物在不同环境因子作用下的性别表达策略,对于深入了解植物性别多样性和多变性的机制具有重要的理论意义。本文综述了矿质营养成分、光照、水分和温度4种非生物环境因子对植物性别表达的影响及其潜在的机制。矿质营养和温度主要通过影响植物体内激素合成及某些代谢途径、代谢产物调节植物性别表达,而光照和水分除了前述影响还通过调节植物性别相关基因的差异表达调控植物性别。目前的研究已有少数植物类群涉及到生理和生化等分子水平,部分还停留在形态结构和功能性状的比较研究阶段。而且,大多研究是在人为控制环境条件下的短期实验,不足以体现多年生植物适应多变环境的性别表达特征。未来此方面的研究应对更多植物种类在连续年份中的生殖状况进行长期生态学研究,并加强对自然生境中不同环境因子对植物性别表达影响的分子水平研究,以揭示植物性别表达的环境决定机制。The mechanism of plant sex expression adaptation to environmental factors is an important topic in evolutionary biology and ecology research.Plants show complex and diverse adaptations to environmental factors,and are affected by their own gene regulation and hormone synthesis.Therefore,sex expression patterns of plants vary with the changes of environmental factors.Understanding the sex expression strategies of plants has important theoretical significance for in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of plant sexual diversity and variability.We reviewed the effects of four abiotic environmental factors,including mineral nutrients,light,water,and temperature,on plant sex expression and their underlying mechanisms.Mineral nutrition and temperature mainly regulate plant sex expression by affecting hormone synthesis and some metabolic pathways and metabolites in plants.In addition to the aforementioned effects,light and water also regulate plant sex by regulating the differential expression of plant sex-related genes.A few plant species have been studied at the molecular level,and some of studies are still in the stage of comparative research on morphological structure and functional traits.Moreover,most studies are conducted with short-term experiments under artificially controlled environmental conditions,which are insufficient to reveal the sex expression characteristics of perennial plants that adapt to changing environments.Future researches should be conducted at long-term scale,and investigate the reproductive status of more plant species across multiple years.Moreover,we should strengthen molecular-level studies on the effects of different environmental factors on plant sex expression in natural habitats to reveal the environmental determination of plant sex expression.

关 键 词：环境因子 性别表达 矿质营养 水分 温度 

分 类 号：Q943.2[生物学—植物学]