数字经济与技能工资差距——基于CFPS的微观证据  

Digital Economy and Skills Wage Gap:An Empirical Study with CFPS Data

作　　者：韩雷[1] 田知敏慧 HAN Lei;TIAN Zhiminhui(Busniess School,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学商学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《当代经济科学》2024年第2期75-89,共15页Modern Economic Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“数字经济下就业极化的形成机理与治理对策研究”(22AJL007);湖南省研究生创新项目“劳动力行业转移对收入差距的影响研究”(CX20220625)。

摘　　要：随着引领新一轮科技革命和产业升级的数字技术发展,数字经济必将对中国的就业和收入分配格局产生重大影响,使技能工资差距呈现新特征。通过测度2018年中国各行业的数字经济发展水平,借助普通最小二乘法、无条件分位数回归与Oaxaca-Blinder分解等方法,考察数字经济发展对技能工资差距的影响及其作用机制。结果发现:(1)数字经济显著提高了低技能劳动者工资收入,且能缩小低技能群体和高技能群体内部中低收入差距;(2)数字经济能通过就业创造效应和时间投入效应为劳动者提供更多就业机会和就业岗位,提高工作强度,缩小技能工资差距,但职位晋升效应难以充分发挥;(3)数字经济对不同行业部门和不同社会资本群体的技能工资差距的影响存在显著的差异性。据此提出继续推进数字技术发展、积极探索数字经济背景下对高收入的规范与调节路径、完善对低技能群体的劳动权益保障体系、加强学习型社会建设,并以数字化改革推动公共服务高质量发展和实现基本公共服务均等化等政策建议。With the development of digital technology leading the new round of technological revolution and industrial upgrading,the digital economy is bound to have a significant impact on the employment and income distribution pattern in China,causing the skill wage gap to present new features.Exploring the effect of the digital economy on the skill wage gap and the role mechanism behind it is instructive on how to achieve common wealth through the digital economy and then realize Chinese-style modernization.The current academic community has not yet formed a unified perception of the measurement of the digital economy,and most of the research focuses on the impact of technological progress,artificial intelligence,etc.,on the skills wage gap,and the impact of digital financial inclusion,artificial intelligence,etc.on inclusive growth and high-quality employment,etc.,but very few literatures have directly investigated the impact of the development of the digital economy on the pattern of income of micro-individuals with different human capitals.This paper assesses the impact of the digital economy on the skill wage gap at the industry level.The results show that the digital economy significantly increases the wage income of low-skilled laborers.Quantile regression and O-B decomposition find that the digital economy narrows the low-and middle-income gaps within low-skilled and high-skilled groups,and has a higher explanatory effect on the skill wage gap at the low and middle quartiles of the wage distribution.The analysis of the mechanism of action shows that the digital economy can provide more employment opportunities and jobs for workers,increase the degree of time commitment,and improve the income inequality between high and low-skilled workers,but the digital economy cannot promote the promotion of workers’positions,which is not conducive to the improvement of the level of human capital,and there is a risk of exacerbating the phenomenon of polarization of the employment skill structure.From the analysis of heterogene

关 键 词：数字经济 技能工资差距 就业创造效应 职位晋升效应 时间投入效应 收入分配 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] F249.24