新型补钙剂对奶牛产后低血钙症和酮病的防治作用  

Preventive Effects of New Type of Calcium Supplement on Postpartum Hypocalcemia and Ketosis of Dairy Cows

作　　者：张鑫蕊 龙燕 张雯晶 白金妮 王相国[1] 郭凯军[1] ZHANG Xinrui;LONG Yan;ZHANG Wenjing;BAI Jinni;WANG Xiangguo;GUO Kaijun(College of Animal Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Service of Yanqing Distrcit,Beijing 102100,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院动物科学技术学院,北京102206 [2]北京市延庆区农业技术推广站,北京102100

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第4期2445-2456,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：北京市家畜创新团队(BAIC05-2024);有机奶牛场智慧管理关键技术研究与应用(SYZYZ20230005)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究新型补钙剂对奶牛产后低血钙症和酮病的防治作用。选取60头健康经产的荷斯坦围产期奶牛,随机分为2组,每组30头牛,其中2胎和3胎及3胎以上胎次奶牛各15头。试验组奶牛产犊时投服新型补钙剂,对照组奶牛投服常用补钙剂;2胎奶牛产犊时投服1管/头,3胎及3胎以上胎次奶牛产犊后12 h再投服1管/头。投服补钙剂后1、4、8 h采集尾根静脉血样,3胎及3胎以上胎次奶牛在投服补钙剂后12、16、20 h继续采集尾根静脉血样。测定血液矿物元素含量、血气指标、血液生化指标,并记录产后7 d内的平均产奶量和产后21 d内代谢性疾病发生率。结果表明:1)投服2种补钙剂后,所有奶牛产后1~8 h血液离子钙(iCa)含量均呈上升趋势,其中试验组3胎及3胎以上胎次奶牛产后8~20 h时血液iCa含量显著高于产后1 h(P<0.05)。试验组所有奶牛产后8 h血液镁离子(Mg^(2+))含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2)对照组2胎奶牛产后8 h血液剩余碱(BE)含量显著高于试验组(P<0.05)。试验组3胎及3胎以上胎次奶牛产后8~20 h血液碳酸氢根(HCO-3)含量显著高于产后1 h(P<0.05),对照组产后4、8和20 h血液HCO-3含量显著高于产后1 h(P<0.05)。3)对照组2胎奶牛血液非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)含量随时间增加显著降低(P<0.05),2组3胎及3胎以上胎次奶牛产后4~20 h血液NEFA含量显著高于产后1 h(P<0.05)。试验组2胎奶牛产后1、4和8 h血液谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05),试验组3胎及3胎以上胎次奶牛产后4~20 h血液GGT活性显著低于产后1 h(P<0.05)。4)试验组2胎牛平均产奶量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组奶牛产后酮病发病率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,不同胎次奶牛投服新型补钙剂有利于产后低血钙症和酮病的预防,降低奶牛产后酮病发病率,减少产犊应激对奶牛生产性能的影响。This experiment aimed to study the preventive effects of new type of calcium supplement on postpartum hypocalcemia and ketosis of dairy cows.A total of 60 healthy parous Holstein peripartum dairy cows were randomly divided into 2 groups with 30 dairy cows in each group,which with 15 second pregnancy dairy cows and 15 third pregnancy and over third pregnancy dairy cows.Cows in the experimental group were given the new type of calcium supplement when calving,and cows in the control group were given the commonly used calcium supplement;the second pregnancy dairy cows were given 1 tube/head when calving,and the third pregnancy and over third pregnancy dairy cows were given once more 1 tube/head after calving 12 h.The caudal vein blood samples were collected at 1,4 and 8 h after given calcium supplementation,and extra caudal vein blood samples were collected at 12,16 and 20 h for the third pregnancy and over third pregnancy dairy cows.The blood mineral element contents,blood gas indexes,and blood biochemical indexes were measured,and the average milk yield within 7 days postpartum and incidence rate of postpartum diseases within 21 days postpartum were recorded.The results showed as follows:1)after given the two kinds of calcium supplements,the blood ionized calcium(iCa)content at 1 to 8 h after calving of all dairy cows showed an increasing trend,and the blood iCa content at 8 to 20 h after calving of the third pregnancy and over third pregnancy dairy cows of the experimental group was significantly higher than that at 1 h after calving(P<0.05).The blood magnesium ion(Mg^(2+))content at 8 h after calving of all dairy cows of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).2)The blood base excess(BE)content at 8 h after calving of the second pregnancy dairy cows of the control group was significantly higher than that of the experimental group(P<0.05).The blood hydrogen carbonate(HCO-3)content at 8 to 20 h after calving of the third pregnancy and over third pregnancy dairy cows of

关 键 词：补钙剂 奶牛 低血钙症 酮病 血气 血液生化指标 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]