不同比例发酵饲料桑替代基础饲粮对肉牛瘤胃发酵、瘤胃细菌与真菌菌群结构的影响  

Effects of Basal Diet Replaced by Fermented Feed Mulberry with Different Proportions on Rumen Fermentation,Rumen Bacterial and Fungal Community Structure of Beef Cattle

作　　者：樊启文 陈芳[1] 杜恩存 陶文静 赵娜[1] 黄少文[1] 郭万正[1] 黄静 金枫 魏金涛[1] FAN Qiwen;CHEN Fang;DU Encun;TAO Wenjing;ZHAO Na;HUANG Shaowen;GUO Wanzheng;HUANG Jing;JIN Feng;WEI Jintao(Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embroyo Engineering and Molecular Breeding,Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,动物胚胎工程及分子育种湖北省重点实验室,武汉430064

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第4期2475-2486,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：湖北省技术创新专项(2022BEC039);湖北省农业科技创新中心项目(2022-620-004-001);湖北省农业科技成果转化资金项目(NZZ2023000065);西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ202301YD0013C);湖北省农科院院青年科学基金(2024NKYJJ20)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探究不同比例发酵饲料桑替代基础饲粮对肉牛瘤胃发酵、瘤胃细菌与真菌菌群结构的影响。选取体重为(287.45±22.63)kg、日龄相近的西门塔尔杂交公牛30头,随机分为3组,分别为对照组、NT1和NT2组,每组10个重复。对照组给予基础饲粮,NT1和NT2组分别以10%和20%发酵饲料桑等量替代基础饲粮。试验预试期14 d,正试期116 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,NT1组和NT2组瘤胃液戊酸的含量显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,在门水平上,NT2组厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门比值(F/B)显著增加(P<0.05);在属水平上,NT2组普氏菌属(Prevotella)细菌相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),未分类颤螺旋菌科(unclassified_Oscillospiraceae)和毛螺旋菌科UCG-008(Lachnospiraceae_UCG-008)细菌相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。此外,与对照组相比,NT2组中瘤胃细菌富集于环境信息处理途径、信号转导途径、双组分系统和耐药性:抗菌途径的相对丰度显著上升(P<0.05),而富集于其他次级代谢产物生物合成途径和抗生素生物合成途径的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。3)NT1组真菌样本测序鉴定的物种数、ACE、Chao1及香农指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);此外,在属水平上,与对照组相比,NT1组中青霉菌属(Penicillium)、葡萄孢盘菌属(Botryotinia)、丝衣霉菌属(Byssochlamys)、木霉菌属(Trichoderma)真菌相对丰度均显著或极显著上调(P<0.05或P<0.01),而红酵母属(Rhodotorula)、锥盖伞属(Conocybe)、未分类角担菌科(unclassified_Ceratobasidiaceae)真菌相对丰度均显著或极显著下调(P<0.05或P<0.01);同时NT2组中红酵母属、锥盖伞属真菌相对丰度相较于对照组也显著下降(P<0.05),未分类角担菌科真菌相对丰度极显著下降(P<0.01)。综上所述,使用不同比例发酵饲料桑替代基础饲粮可提高瘤胃液中戊酸的含量,增加瘤胃真菌菌群的多样性,改变瘤胃细菌和真菌组成结构,从而调节改善瘤胃内环境。This study was conducted to explore the effects of basal diet replaced by fermented feed mulberry with different proportions on rumen fermentation,rumen bacterial and fungal community structure of beef cattle.A total of 30 Simmental crossbred fattening beef cattle with similar body weight(287.45±22.63)kg were randomly divided into 3 group,namely the control group,the NT1 and NT2 groups,with 10 replicates per group.The control group was fed a basal diet,NT1 and NT2 groups were fed experimental diets which used 10%and 20%fermented feed mulberry to replace the basal diet.The pre-test lasted for 14 days,and the test lasted for 116 days.The results showed as follows:1)the content of pentanoic acid in rumen fluid in NT1 and NT2 groups significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio(F/B)in the NT2 group significantly increased(P<0.05),the relative abundance of Prevotella significantly reduced(P<0.05),the relative abundance of unclassified_Oscillospiraceae and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-008 significantly increased(P<0.05).Moreover,the rumen bacteria in NT2 group enriched in the pathways:environmental information processing,signal transduction,two-component system,drug resistance:antimicrobial significantly increased(P<0.05),and the pathways:global and overview maps,biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites,biosynthesis of antibiotics significantly decreased(P<0.05)compared with the control group.3)The observed_species,ACE,Chao1,and Shannon indexes of fungal in the NT1 group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).In addition,compared with the control group,the relative abundance of Penicillium,Botryotinia,Byssochlamys,and Trichodermas in the NT1 group significantly upregulated(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while the relative abundance of Rhodotorula,Conoxybe and unclassified_Ceratobasidaceae significantly downregulated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Simultaneously,the relative abundance of Rhodotorula,Conoxybe and unclassified_Ceratobasidac

关 键 词：发酵饲料桑 肉牛 瘤胃发酵参数 菌群结构 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]