单宁对断奶前犊牛瘤胃发酵参数与菌群结构的影响  

Effects of Tannin on Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microflora Structure of Preweaning Calves

作　　者：刘洁[1,2] 沈宜钊 徐宏建 张志宏 王美美 李妍[2,4] 赵晓静 赵玉萍 梁紫恒[1,2] 王猛[1,2] 孙凤莉 李建国 高艳霞 LIU Jie;SHEN Yizhao;XU Hongjian;ZHANG Zhihong;WANG Meimei;LI Yan;ZHAO Xiaojing;ZHAO Yuping;LIANG Ziheng;WANG Meng;SUN Fengli;LI Jianguo;GAO Yanxia(College of Animal Science and Technology,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China;Key Laboratory of Healthy Dairy Breeding of Dairy Cattle of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Jointly Established by the Ministry and Province),Baoding 071001,China;Junlebao Dairy Group Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050000,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China;Baoding Vocational and Technical College,Baoding 071001,China;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Hebei Province,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Province Cattle and Sheep Embryo Technology Innovation Center,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Dairy Industry Technology Research Institute,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,保定071001 [2]农业农村部奶牛健康养殖重点实验室(部省共建),保定071001 [3]君乐宝乳业集团有限公司,石家庄050000 [4]河北农业大学动物医学院,保定071001 [5]保定职业技术学院,保定071001 [6]河北省畜牧兽医研究所,保定071001 [7]河北省牛羊胚胎技术创新中心,保定071001 [8]河北省乳制品产业技术研究院,石家庄050000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第4期2497-2511,共15页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部-国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-36-20);河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队项目(HBCT2023180207);河北省高端人才项目(6012018);河北农业大学精准畜牧学科群建设项目(1090064)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究开食料中添加单宁对断奶前犊牛瘤胃发酵参数与菌群结构的影响。选取60头健康且初生重[(39.9±1.9)kg]相近的1日龄中国荷斯坦母犊牛,随机分为4组,每组15头,每头单栏饲养。对照组(CON组)饲喂开食料,试验组在对照组开食料基础上添加由白坚木单宁提取物(缩合单宁)和栗木单宁提取物(水解单宁)按照2∶1比例混合制成的白坚木单宁与栗木单宁混合物(QTE,单宁总含量≥73%),添加量分别为0.30%(QTE1组)、0.45%(QTE2组)、0.60%(QTE3组)。试验期63 d,试验期间所有犊牛统一断奶,试验最后1天采集瘤胃液。结果显示:1)各QTE添加组的终末体重均显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。2)开食料中添加不同水平的QTE对瘤胃液pH、微生物蛋白浓度、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度、乙酸摩尔比例、戊酸摩尔比例以及乙酸/丙酸比值均无显著影响(P>0.05);随着QTE添加量的增加,瘤胃液中氨态氮浓度呈二次降低趋势(P=0.05),丙酸摩尔比例有线性升高趋势(P=0.10),丁酸摩尔比例呈二次升高(P=0.03),异丁酸和异戊酸摩尔比例有线性降低趋势(P=0.08和P=0.05)。氨态氮浓度以QTE2组最低,丙酸摩尔比例以QTE2组最高;QTE2组丁酸摩尔比例显著高于CON组和QTE3组(P<0.05);QTE2组异戊酸摩尔比例显著低于CON组和QTE3组(P<0.05)。3)QTE1组、QTE2组和QTE3组的Shannon指数显著高于CON组(P<0.05),且以QTE2组最高。4)在门水平上,随着QTE添加量的增加,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的相对丰度线性升高(P=0.01),且QTE2组和QTE3组显著高于CON组和QTE1组(P<0.05);厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门比值线性降低(P=0.01),且QTE1组、QTE2组和QTE3组均显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。在属水平上,随着QTE添加量的增加,普雷沃氏菌属的相对丰度线性升高(P=0.01),且QTE2组和QTE3组显著高于CON组(P<0.05);丁酸弧菌属的相对丰度线性降低(P=0.01);欧陆森氏菌属(Olsenella)的相对丰度呈线性升高趋势(P=0.05)。综上所述,单宁可通�This study was conducted to study the effects of starter supplemented with tannin on rumen fermentation parameters and microflora structure of preweaning calves.Sixty healthy 1-day-old Chinese Holstein female calves with similar birth weight[(39.9±1.9)kg]were randomly divided into 4 groups with 15 calves per group,and each calf was raised in a single pen.Calves in control group(CON group)were fed starter,and those in experimental groups were fed the starter supplemented with 0.30%(QTE1 group),0.45%(QTE2 group)and 0.60%(QTE3 group)quebracho tannin-chestnut tannin extracts(QTE,total tannin content≥73%).The QTE was composed of quebracho tannin extract(condensed tannin)and chestnut tannin extract(hydrolyzed tannin),and the ratio of them was 2∶1.The experiment lasted for 63 days.All calves were weaned uniformly during the experiment and rumen fluid was collected on the last day of the experiment.The results showed that:1)the final body weight of calves in experimental groups was significantly higher than that in CON group(P<0.05).2)Although rumen fluid pH,the concentrations of microbial protein and total volatile fatty acid,the molar ratios of acetic acid and valeric acid,and acetic acid/propionic acid ratio were not significantly affected by QTE supplemental level in starter(P>0.05),the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen showed a quadratic decreasing trend(P=0.05),the molar proportion of propionic acid tended to increase linearly(P=0.10),the molar proportion of butyric acid showed a significant quadratic increasing(P=0.03),and the molar proportions of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid showed a trend to decrease linearly(P=0.08 and P=0.05)with the increase of QTE supplemental level.The ammonia nitrogen concentration in QTE2 group was the lowest,and the molar proportion of propionic acid in QTE2 group was the highest.The molar proportion of butyric acid in QTE2 group was significantly higher than that in CON group and QTE3 group(P<0.05);the molar proportion of isovaleric acid in QTE2 group was significantly lower

关 键 词：犊牛 单宁 瘤胃发酵 菌群组成 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]