不同玉米品种的茎秆性状对茎秆弹性和耐密性的响应  

Response of Stalk Traits to Stalk Elasticity and Density Tolerance of Different Maize Cultivars

作　　者：张桂萍 Mukti Marasini 李薇薇 张凤路[1] ZHANG Guiping;Mukti Marasini;LI Weiwei;ZHANG Fenglu(College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《华北农学报》2024年第2期79-89,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300300)。

摘　　要：为了研究玉米茎秆性状与茎秆弹性和耐密性形成的相关性,进一步揭示植株抗倒伏机理,选用6个抗倒性不同的玉米品种为材料,设置了6.0万,7.5万,9.0万株/hm^(2)共3个种植密度,以田间茎秆拉倒角度为弹性评价指标,与植株和基部节间的形态特征,节间的解剖结构、物质积累量和力学特征进行相关性分析。结果表明,玉米株高、穗位高、基部节间长、粗、表皮厚度、硬皮组织厚度、维管束总数、小维管束鞘面积、单位长度鲜质量、干质量和各组分含量、穿刺和压折强度对茎秆拉倒角度有显著或极显著的影响,其中节间粗(r=0.521**)和单位长度干质量(r=0.562**)的影响最大。种植密度越大,节间粗、硬皮组织厚度、维管束总数、单位长度鲜质量、干质量、各组分含量、穿刺和压折强度越小或越少,茎秆的弹性越差,抗倒性越弱。不同品种间的茎秆性状存在显著差异,粒收1、创玉107、京农科728和MC278与弹性相关的性状优于其他品种,且随着密度的增大变幅较小,故茎秆弹性和耐密性较强。节间粗和单位长度干质量等性状对拉倒角度即有显著影响,增密后这些性状的变幅决定了茎秆的耐密性。In order to study the correlation between stem traits and the formation of elasticity and density tolerance of maize,and further reveal the mechanism of lodging resistance,6 maize varieties with different lodging resistance were selected as materials,and 3 planting densities of 6.0×10^(4),7.5×10^(4)and 9.0×10^(4)plants/ha were set.The stem pull lodging angle in the field was used as the evaluation index of elasticity,and the morphological characteristics between plants and basal nodes.The internode anatomical structure,material accumulation and mechanical characteristics were analyzed.The results showed that plant height,ear height,basal internode length,thickness,epidermal thickness,crusty tissue thickness,total vascular bundle,sheath area of small vascular bundle,fresh weight per unit length,dry weight per unit length and content of each component,puncture and folding strength had significant effects on the stem pull lodging angle,among which internode diameter(r=0.521^(**))and dry weight per unit length(r=0.562^(**))had the greatest effects.The greater the planting density,the smaller the internode diameter,the thickness of the hard skin tissue,the total number of vascular bundles,the fresh weight per unit length,the dry weight,the content of each component,the lodging resistance,the worse the elasticity of the stem.There were significant differences in stem traits among different varieties.The elasticity related traits of Lishou 1,Chuangyu 107,Jingnongke 728 and MC278 were better than those of other varieties,and the variation amplitude was smaller with the increase of density,so the elasticity and density tolerance were stronger.Traits such as internode diameter and dry weight per unit length had significant effects on stem pull lodging angle,that was stalk elasticity,and the variation amplitude of these traits after densification determined the density tolerance of stalk.

关 键 词：玉米 茎秆 弹性 耐密性 拉倒角度 

分 类 号：S513.03[农业科学—作物学]