施用氮磷钾肥对晋南复播区油葵产量及肥料利用效率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium on Yield and Fertilizer Efficiency of Oil Sunflower in Resowing Area of Southern Shanxi

作　　者：杨海峰 段学艳 温琳[1] 连晋 YANG Haifeng;DUAN Xueyan;WEN Lin;LIAN Jin(Institute of Wheat Research,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen 041000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《华北农学报》2024年第2期136-142,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：山西农业大学生物育种工程项目(YZGC019)。

摘　　要：为了探究晋南复播区冬小麦—夏油葵一年两熟种植模式下,施用氮磷钾肥对油用向日葵(油葵)产量及各养分利用效率的影响,于2019—2021年,在临汾市以临葵4号为材料开展田间小区肥料试验,设置氮磷钾(NPK)、无氮(PK)、无磷(NK)、无钾(NP)4个施肥处理,分析不同施肥处理对N、P、K肥的产量反应、农学效率及肥料利用率等的影响。结果表明,NPK处理油葵3 a平均产量为3634 kg/hm^(2)(3502~3818 kg/hm^(2)),较PK、NK、NP处理分别增产19.6%,12.1%和13.7%,其中PK处理产量最低。N、P、K的产量反应分别为588.8(481.0~704.7 kg/hm^(2)),391.8(296.0~488.7 kg/hm^(2)),438.2 kg/hm^(2)(329.3~629.7 kg/hm^(2));农学效率分别为3.8(2.8~4.9 kg/kg),3.1(2.1~4.1 kg/kg),2.9 kg/kg(2.2~4.2 kg/kg);氮、磷、钾素的地上部积累量分别为174.4(172.5~176.8 kg/hm^(2)),60.0(58.3~61.8 kg/hm^(2)),241.1 kg/hm^(2)(236.2~246.8 kg/hm^(2));氮、磷、钾肥的养分利用率分别为36.3%(36.0%~36.7%),15.7%(15.3%~16.2%)和47.1%(46.0%~47.9%),其中,钾>氮>磷。因此,施用氮磷钾肥可显著增加油葵产量,且显著提高植株地上部养分的积累;在氮、磷、钾等3种大量元素肥料中,施用氮肥增产最多,油葵地上部分对钾吸收量最多,利用率最高。因此,生产中既要注重氮、磷、钾合理配施,同时氮和钾还要以种肥+追肥的方式补充。In order to study the effect of applying N,P and K fertilizer on the yield and nutrient use efficiency of oil sunflower under the double cropping pattern of winter wheat-summer oil sunflower in Southern Shanxi,a field plot fertilizer experiment was carried out with Linkui 4 from 2019 to 2021.Four fertilization treatments including NPK,PK,NK and NP were set up.The effects of different fertilization treatments on yield response,agronomic efficiency and fertilizer use efficiency of N,P,K were analyzed.The results showed that the three-year average yield of oil sunflower treated with NPK was 3634 kg/ha(3502-3818 kg/ha),which was 19.6%,12.1%,13.7%higher than that of PK/NK/NP,respectively.PK treatment had the lowest yield.The average yield responses of N,P and K fertilizers were 588.8(481.0-704.7 kg/ha),391.8(296.0-488.7 kg/ha),438.2 kg/ha(329.3-629.7 kg/ha),respectively.The agronomic efficiencies of N,P and K were 3.8(2.8-4.9 kg/kg),3.1(2.1-4.1 kg/kg),2.9 kg/kg(2.2-4.2 kg/kg),respectively.The aboveground accumulations of N,P and K were 174.4(172.5-176.8 kg/ha),60.0(58.3-61.8 kg/ha),241.1 kg/ha(236.2-246.8 kg/ha),respectively.The nutrient use efficiency of N,P,K was 36.3%(36.0%-36.7%),15.7%(15.3%-16.2%)and 47.1%(46.0%-47.9%),respectively,of which K>N>P.So the application of N,P and K fertilizer could not only significantly increase the oil sunflower yield but also the aboveground accumulation of N,P and K.Among the three kinds of NPK fertilizers,N increased the yield most,and K uptake by the aboveground part and utilization rate of oil sunflower was the highest.Therefore,in the production we should pay attention to the reasonable application of N,P and K,while N and K should be supplemented by seed fertilizer and topdressing.

关 键 词：油用向日葵 氮、磷、钾肥 养分利用率 晋南复播区 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]