适用于航空航天铝合金件的镀多层镍工艺  

Multilayer nickel plating process for aerospace aluminum alloy parts

作　　者：代朋民 郭崇武[2] DAI Pengmin;GUO Chongwu(AVIC Guizhou Huafeng Electric Appliance Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550006,China;Guangzhou Ultra Union Chemicals Ltd.,Guangzhou 510460,China)

机构地区：[1]中航工业贵州华烽电器有限公司,贵州贵阳550006 [2]广州超邦化工有限公司,广东广州510460

出　　处：《电镀与涂饰》2024年第4期74-78,共5页Electroplating & Finishing

摘　　要：[目的]航空航天铝合金件镀镉工艺亟需找到环保的替代技术。[方法]制定了一种镀多层镍工艺,其工艺流程主要包括化学除油、超声波除油、碱腐蚀、出光、除垢、微腐蚀、第一次沉锌、退锌、第二次沉锌、化学预镀镍、镀半光亮镍、镀高硫镍、镀光亮镍、稀土电解保护和烘干。[结果]这种镀层在进行168h中性盐雾试验后无锈蚀,220℃热震试验中无起泡和脱落,在温度40℃和相对湿度93%的条件下进行的1000h恒定湿热试验后无可见变化。[结论]该工艺克服了单一化学镀镍层对铝合金基体无电化学保护作用的缺点,并以新开发的稀土电解保护工艺代替了传统的铬酸盐电解保护法,绿色环保,具有良好的应用前景。[Introduction]The cadmium plating process of aerospace aluminum alloy parts urgently needs to find environmentally friendly alternative technologies.[Method]A multilayer nickel plating process was developed,including the following steps:chemical degreasing,ultrasound degreasing,alkaline etching,bright dipping,desmutting,slight etching,first zinc immersion,zinc stripping,secondary zinc immersion,electroless nickel pre-plating,semi-bright nickel plating,high-sulfur nickel plating,bright nickel plating,electrolytic passivation with rare earth,and drying.[Result]The coating obtained by the process endured 168 hours of neutral salt spray test without any corrosion product on its surface,did not blister or peel off during thermal shock test at 220℃,and remained unchanged in appearance after 1000 hours of steady-state damp heat test at temperature 40℃ and relative humidity 93%.[Conclusion]This process overcomes the disadvantage that a single electrolessly plated nickel coating has no electrochemical protection effect on the aluminum alloy substrate,and replaces the traditional chromate electrolytic passivation method with a newly developed rare earth electrolytic passivation method,having environmental friendliness and good application prospect.

关 键 词：铝合金 化学预镀镍 多层镍电镀 稀土电解保护 结合力 耐蚀性 

分 类 号：TQ153.12[化学工程—电化学工业] TG178[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]