基于阶跃激励响应的牵引电机定子早期匝间短路故障诊断方法  

Diagnosis of early turn-to-turn short-circuit faults of traction motor stators based on step excitation response

作　　者：耿民 秦嘉翼 刘明杰 张川宝[4] 王喜莲[2] GENG Min;QIN Jiayi;LIU Mingjie;ZHANG Chuanbao;WANG Xilian(EMU Overhaul Department,CRRC Tangshan Co.,Ltd.,Tangshan,Hebei 063035,China;School of Electrical Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;China Railway Jinan Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinan,Shandong 250000,China;Tangshan Polytechnic College,Tangshan,Hebei 063020,China)

机构地区：[1]中车唐山机车车辆有限公司动车检修部,河北唐山063035 [2]北京交通大学电气工程学院,北京100044 [3]中国铁路济南局集团有限公司,山东济南250000 [4]唐山工业职业技术学院,河北唐山063020

出　　处：《机车电传动》2024年第2期158-164,共7页Electric Drive for Locomotives

摘　　要：为了实现对牵引电机定子绕组匝间短路早期故障的可靠诊断,文章提出了一种基于阶跃激励稳态响应电流的故障诊断方法。首先根据牵引电机三相定子绕组匝间短路模型,对定子绕组任意两相施加阶跃激励,推导出3种情况下的响应电流表达式,并依据响应电流稳态值的变化特征提出新的故障特征分量;然后,搭建故障电机仿真模型,分析短路电阻和短路故障严重程度对响应电流的影响,研究故障特征分量对早期匝间短路故障诊断的有效性与可靠性;最后搭建试验平台,分析当电机固有不对称时,匝间短路故障对故障特征分量的影响。仿真与试验结果表明,该故障特征分量可以表示早期的匝间短路故障及其严重程度,并且能滤除电机固有不对称的影响。基于阶跃激励稳态响应电流的诊断方法操作便捷,结果可靠性高,对保护牵引系统的安全具有极大意义,且具备极大的工程应用价值。In order to realize reliable diagnosis of early faults of stator winding turn-to-turn short circuits of traction motors,a fault diagnosis method based on steady-state response current of step excitation was proposed in this study.Firstly,on the basis of a three-phase stator winding turn-to-turn short-circuit model of traction motors,a step excitation was applied to any two phases of the stator winding to derive the response current expressions in three cases,and a new fault characteristic component was proposed on the basis of the change characteristics of the steady-state value of the response current.Then,a simulation model of the faulty motor was established to analyze the impact of short-circuit resistance and fault severity on the response current,and to investigate the validity and reliability of the fault characteristic components for the diagnosis of early turn-to-turn short-circuit faults.Finally,an experimental platform was built to analyze the impact of turn-to-turn short-circuit faults on the fault characteristic components when the motor is inherently asymmetric.The simulation and experimental results show that the fault characteristic component can represent the early turn-to-turn short-circuit fault and its severity,and can filter out the impact of the inherent asymmetry of the motor.The diagnosis method based on the steady-state response current of step excitation is easy to operate and the results are highly reliable.This method holds great significance for the protection of the traction system and offers great value for engineering applications.

关 键 词：牵引电机 定子绕组匝间短路 故障诊断 阶跃响应 

分 类 号：U264.1[机械工程—车辆工程] U266.2[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]