人户分离变迁视角的大城市郊区化与人口结构再分布效应研究--基于南京市的实证  

Study on the Suburbanization Process and the Effect of Population Structure Redistribution in Big Cities from the Perspective of Separation of Registered and Actual Residences:Based on an Empirical Study of Nanjing

作　　者：陈浩[1] 陈友华[2] 陈昭 CHEN Hao;CHEN Youhua;CHEN Zhao(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China;School of Social and Behavioral Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China;Institute of Urban Planning and Design,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学建筑与城市规划学院,江苏南京210093 [2]南京大学社会学院,江苏南京210093 [3]南京大学城市规划设计研究院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《人口与社会》2024年第2期40-53,共14页Population and Society

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中小城市人口收缩态势与城市更新策略研究”(22BRK026)。

摘　　要：人户分离人口是城市流动型人口的主要构成部分,其特征及空间分布变迁为认识大城市郊区化趋势提供了重要视角。近20年来,南京市人户分离人口规模增长迅速,占常住人口比重逐渐提高,其中市内人户分离人口占总人户分离人口的比重显著提高,其人口学特征呈现高学历化和大龄化趋势,其空间分布从核心区集聚向近郊区集聚转变。基于以上变迁特征,重新认识了南京城市郊区化的进程及其程度,发现:(1)2000—2010年期间,南京经历了核心区和近郊区人口普遍增长的快速城市化阶段,外来流动人口是此时期近郊区人口增长的主要来源;(2)2010—2020年期间,南京进入大规模城市郊区化阶段,核心区人口减少而近郊区人口集聚度显著增强,市内人户分离人口取代外来流动人口成为近郊区人口增长的主要来源;(3)2020年,南京的近郊区常住人口人户分离率高达54.4%,表明南京仍处于“迁居不迁户”的“半郊区化”状态,近郊区并未成长为相对独立于核心区、功能相对完整的综合性城区。郊区化带来了不均衡的人口结构再分布效应,要关注和积极应对核心区人口流失与人口结构衰退过快、近郊区“人户分离率”过高和远郊区人口老龄化持续加深等问题。The population whose registered and actual residences are separated is the main component of urban floating population,and its characteristics and spatial distribution change are important perspective to understand the trend of suburbanization in big cities.The population scale of household registration separation has grown rapidly in the past two decades,with a significantly increased proportion of the total population.The shift from an inflow-oriented model to an intra-city separation model is evident,with demographic characteristics indicating trends towards higher education levels and aging,while spatial distribution has changed from core area aggregation to suburban aggregation.Based on the above characteristics,the process and degree of suburbanization of Nanjing city are re-recognized:(1)From 2000 to 2010,Nanjing experienced a rapid urbanization stage in which the population in the core area and the suburbs generally increased,and the migrant population was the main source of population growth in the suburbs during this period;(2)From 2010 to 2020,Nanjing enters the stage of large-scale urban suburbanization,in which the population in the core area decreases while the degree of population agglomeration in the suburbs increases significantly,and the population whose registered and actual residences are separated replaces the floating population as the main source of population growth in the suburbs;(3)In 2020,the separation rate of permanent residents in Nanjing's suburbs is as high as 54.4%,indicating that Nanjing is still in a state of“semi-suburbanization”,characterized prominently by“moving without changing household registration”,and the near suburbs have not grown into a comprehensive urban area relatively independent from the core area and relatively complete in function.Suburbanization has brought about the unbalanced redistribution effect of population structure.It is necessary to pay attention to and actively deal with the problems of population loss and structural decline in the core area

关 键 词：大城市 人户分离 郊区化 人口普查 人口结构再分布 城市更新 

分 类 号：C922[社会学—人口学]