海蓬子(Salicornia europaea)生态浮床对富营养化海水的净化效果研究  

Study on Purification Effect of Ecological Floating Bed of Salicornia europaea for Eutrophic Seawater

作　　者：罗梓峻 李秋芬[1] 田文杰 左涛[1] 陈聚法[1] LUO Zi-jun;LI Qiu-fen;TIAN Wen-jie;ZUO Tao;CHEN Ju-fa(Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2024年第4期548-555,共8页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划蓝色粮仓创新专项课题(2019YFD0901200);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2020TD12)。

摘　　要：因陆源污染输入和沿岸养殖业发展,我国近岸和入海口海域富营养化严重。该研究利用海蓬子(Salicornia europaea)高耐盐碱性、潮汐带生长的特点,通过浮床栽培探究了其对富营养海水的净化效果。实验构建褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)养殖池和浮床净化池的循环水净化系统,模拟持续污染的富营养化海水环境。通过在浮床上移植海蓬子幼苗,测定不同水体中氨氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)、亚硝态氮(NO_(2)^(-)-N)和磷酸盐(PO_(4)^(3-)-P)浓度4种营养盐指标的变化情况及植物存活、生长状况,研究海蓬子的净化效果。实验结果表明,海蓬子对NH_(4)^(+)-N吸收效果显著(P<0.05),在12 h的水力停留时间下最高去除率为32.97%;对NO_(2)^(-)-N的净化效果显著(P<0.05),最高去除率为35.66%;对PO_(4)^(3-)-P和NO_(3)^(-)-N有去除效果,但不显著;浮床上的海蓬子存活率达93%以上,植株有明显生长,25 d总体长度增长12%,鲜重增加102%,干重增加83%。研究结果说明海蓬子可以作为生态浮床的工具植物,对近岸和入海口富营养化海水进行净化,为海洋生态环境保护提供技术支撑。Pollutants from land and coastal aquaculture lead to the serious eutrophication of China′s coastal and estuary waters.In this study,Salicornia europaea,which can grow in tidal zone,and with highly salty and alkaline-tolerant characteristics,was used to investigate its purification effect on eutrophic seawater through cultivating on floating bed.A circulating water system with flounder culture pond and floating bed purification pond was constructed to simulate the continuously polluted eutrophic seawater environment.By transplanting the seedlings of Salicornia europaea on the floating bed,the changes of 4 nutrient indexes,including ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N),nitrite nitrogen(NO_(2)^(-)-N)and phosphate(PO_(4)^(3-)-P)concentrations in different water bodies,as well as the survival and growth of plants,were measured to study the purification effect of Salicornia europaea.The results show that the notable absorption of NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(2)^(-)-N by Salicornia europaea was observed(P<0.05),and the maximum removal rate was 32.97%for NH_(4)^(+)-N and 35.66%for NO_(2)^(-)-N under the hydraulic retention time of 12 h,respectively.However,for PO_(4)^(3-)-P and NO_(3)^(-)-N,there was some but not significant removal effect.The survival rate of Salicornia europaea on the floating bed was more than 93%,and the plants had obvious growth.Within 25 days,the overall length of plant increased by about 12%,the fresh weight increased by 102%,and the dry weight increased by 83%.The findings of this study suggest that Salicornia europaea can be used as a tool plant for the ecological floating bed to purify the eutrophic seawater near the shore and at the estuary,and provide technical support for the protection of the marine ecological environment.

关 键 词：海蓬子 生态浮床 生境修复 富营养化海水 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]