浙江宁波大榭遗址史前盐卤制作工艺的实验考古研究  

Experimental Archaeology Research on the Production Process of Prehistoric Brine at the Daxie Site in Ningbo,Zhejiang Province

作　　者：雷少 毛欣琳 崔剑锋[3] 王张华[4] Lei Shao;Mao Xinlin;Cui Jianfeng;Wang Zhanghua

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院考古文物系 [2]宁波市文化遗产管理研究院 [3]北京大学考古文博学院 [4]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《南方文物》2024年第1期235-253,共19页Cultural Relics in Southern China

摘　　要：大榭遗址位于浙江省宁波市大榭岛,其中年代与钱山漾文化相当的二期遗存是目前国内所知最早的史前海盐业遗存,考古发掘和多学科分析结果揭示当时先民主要采用“刮泥淋卤”工艺来制作海盐。经对大榭岛近现代制卤工艺进行口碑调查,结合出土遗迹、遗物和相关文献记载,分为刮取盐泥、建造泥溜、晾晒盐泥、淋滤卤水和收集卤水等五个步骤,分别对史前制卤工艺开展了实验考古研究,并从淋卤和储卤设施、盐泥、钙质结核以及制卤工具等方面,提出了考古发掘过程中对制卤遗存的辨识标准和方法。虽然本次制卤实验环节还存在较多不完善之处,但是对于产品无法存留的制盐遗址来讲,实验考古无疑是辨识制盐遗存和复原古代制盐工艺的重要手段。The Daxie Site,located on Daxie Island in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province,represents the earliest known remains of China's prehistoric sea salt industry.These remains,attributed to the Qianshanyang Culture and dating back to the second phase of the site,have been uncovered through archaeological excavations and interdisciplinary analyses.It has been revealed that during this epoch,the inhabitants predominantly utilized the"scraping mud and spraying brine"technique for sea salt production.An examination of contemporary brine-making practices on Daxie Island,combined with insights from archaeological remains,artefacts,and historical records,elucidates a prehistoric brine-making process comprising five sequential steps:scraping salt mud,constructing mud sluices,drying salt mud,leaching brine,and collecting brine.This study conducts a systematic experimental archaeological investigation focusing on each phase of the prehistoric brine-making process.The research introduces discernment criteria and methodologies for identifying brinemaking remains during archaeological excavations,emphasizing aspects such as brine leaching and storage facilities,salt mud,calcium nodules,and salt-making tools.It underscores the critical role of experimental archaeology in identifying salt-making remnants and reconstructing ancient salt-making techniques,particularly in instances where other evidences are scarce.

关 键 词：大榭遗址 史前盐业 制卤工艺 实验考古 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]