高拱坝表中孔窄缝式挑坎泄洪雾化特性分析  

Analysis of Flood Discharge Atomization Characteristics of Slit-type Bucket at Upper and Deep Orifices of High Arch Dam

作　　者：刘要来 柳海涛[2] 陈鸿杰 孙双科[2] 宋泽明 LIU Yaolai;LIU Haitao;CHEN Hongjie;SUN Shuangke;SONG Zeming(PowerChina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited,Changsha 410014,Hunan,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Inc.,Kunming 650214,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院,湖南长沙410014 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [3]华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司,云南昆明650214

出　　处：《水力发电》2024年第5期70-75,87,共7页Water Power

基　　金：中国华能集团有限公司科技项目(HNKJ22-H109)。

摘　　要：对古学水电站拱坝表中孔窄缝布置方案的泄洪雾化特性进行分析,根据物理模型试验成果,率定出不同频率洪水条件下,坝身表中孔的泄洪雾化水力因子,然后考虑水舌入水形态、复杂河谷地形及气象条件等因素,得到了泄洪风场与雾化降雨强度的等值线分布。研究表明,坝身表中孔采用窄缝出口体形,泄洪水舌纵向拉开,水舌两侧溅水受到前部遮蔽,且当表中孔联合泄洪时,内外侧不同水舌间也发生相互遮蔽。由于水舌两侧雾化源受到削弱,使得窄缝体形在保证消能安全的同时,能有效减小两岸雾雨爬升范围。在坝身各种泄洪条件下,雾化降雨分布范围在坝下80~700 m之间,两岸雾化雨区爬升高度仅为120~140 m,右岸下游电厂尾水出口处降雨强度0~20 mm/h,已属自然降雨范畴。The flood discharge atomization characteristics of upper and deep orifices with slit-type bucket layout of the arch dam in Guxue Hydropower Station are analyzed.Based on the results of physical model experiments,the hydraulic factors of flood discharge atomization of the dam's orifices are determined under different frequency flood conditions.The contour distributions of flood discharge wind velocity and atomization rainfall intensity are obtained by considering the factors such as water jet impinging morphology,complex valley terrain,and meteorological conditions.The research shows that,the slit-type bucket of the upper and deep orifices causes the flood discharge jet to be longitudinally stretched,and the splashing on both sides of the jet is covered by the front water body,at the same time,when the upper and deep orifices are combined for flood discharge,different water jets on the inner and outer sides can also cover each other.Due to its ability to weaken the atomization sources on both sides of the jets,the narrow slit-type bucket can effectively reduce the climbing range of atomized fog and rain on both banks,while ensuring energy dissipation safety.Under various flood discharge operations of the dam orifices,the longitudinal range of atomized rainfall area is between 80-700 m downstream of the dam,and the climbing height of the atomized rainfall on both banks is only 120-140 m.The rainfall intensity at the tail water outlet of the downstream power plant on the right bank is 0-20 mm/h,which belongs to the category of natural rainfall.

关 键 词：泄洪雾化 降雨强度 数学模型 高拱坝 窄缝挑坎 古学水电站 

分 类 号：TV135.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]