超采治理下雄安新区地下水动态特征与影响因素分析  

Analysis of Groundwater Dynamic Characteristics and Influencing Factors in Xiong'an New Area under Over-Exploitation Control Measures

作　　者：朱静思 王哲[1] 南天 马欢[3] ZHU Jingsi;WANG Zhe;NAN Tian;MA Huan(Hydrology Bureau of Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission,MWR,Tianjin 300170,China;Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission,MWR,Tianjin 300170,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部海河水利委员会水文局,天津300170 [2]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北石家庄050061 [3]水利部海河水利委员会,天津300170

出　　处：《水文》2024年第2期121-127,共7页Journal of China Hydrology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点支持项目(U21A2004);水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022041)。

摘　　要：雄安新区地下水动态特征及影响控制因素,对保障雄安新区地下水资源可持续利用和供水安全具有重要意义。基于2000—2021年逐年分层地下水水位监测数据,对雄安新区浅深层地下水水位埋深空间分布特征及演变规律进行了分析,采用随机森林、数值模拟等方法确定了地下水动态变化的影响控制因素。结果表明:(1)在地下水超采治理措施的综合影响下,2014年以来雄安新区地下水水位呈企稳回升态势,浅层地下水水位年均回升0.11 m,2017年以来深层承压水水位年均回升0.64 m;(2)地下水开采、降水和河湖生态补水是影响雄安新区地下水水位变化的主控因素。近20年来开采量、降水量对地下水水位变化的贡献率平均为55%、42%,分阶段贡献率分析表明,大规模生态补水对雄安新区地下水资源形成了有效补给。(3)2019—2021年降水偏多对雄安新区水位回升的贡献率高达63%,扣除降水影响,需要持续深入推进河湖生态环境复苏补水、水源置换等行之有效的治理措施,以巩固保持已取得的治理成效。It is of great significance to find out the dynamic characteristics and influencing factors of groundwater in Xiong'an New Area to ensure the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources and water supply safety in Xiong'an New Area.Based on the annual stratified groundwater level monitoring datum from 2000 to 2021,this paper analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics and evolution law of shallow and deep groundwater level in Xiong'an New Area,and used random forest,numerical simulation and other methods to determine the influencing factors of groundwater dynamic changes.The results show that:(1)Under the comprehensive influence of groundwater overexploitation control measures,the groundwater level in Xiong'an New Area has been steadily rising since 2014.The average annual rise of shallow groundwater level is 0.11 m,and the average annual rise of deep confined water level is 0.64 m since 2017.(2)Groundwater exploitation,precipitation and ecological water supplement of rivers and lakes are the main controlling factors affecting the change of groundwater level in Xiong'an New Area.In the past 20 years,the contribution rate of exploitation and precipitation to the change of groundwater level is 55%and 42%on average.In addition,large-scale ecological water replenishment has formed effective supply to groundwater resources.(3)Numerical simulation analysis showed that the contribution rate of excessive precipitation to the recovery of water level in Xiong'an New Area from 2019 to 2021 is as high as 63%.Deducting the impact of precipitation,it is necessary to continuously and deeply promote effective measures such as river and lake ecological environment recovery and water source replacement to consolidate and maintain the achieved governance results.

关 键 词：雄安新区 地下水资源 地下水水位 影响因素 

分 类 号：P345[天文地球—水文科学] TV11[天文地球—地球物理学]