道路声屏障对交通空气污染物扩散的影响  

The influence of road noise barrier on the diffusion of traffic air pollutants

作　　者：詹兆平 贾玲 王鹏 ZHAN Zhao-ping;JIA Ling;WANG Peng(Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学土木工程与力学学院,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《环境生态学》2024年第4期89-96,共8页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(G51908249);国家科技计划创新方法工作专项项目(2020IM020300)资助。

摘　　要：道路声屏障是缓解快速路噪声污染的主要物理措施,同时能一定程度上影响交通空气污染物的扩散。为探索道路声屏障对交通空气污染物扩散的影响,基于流体动力学理论,运用Fluent进行污染物扩散仿真模拟。本研究考虑道路声屏障高度变化和快速路外污染源距离,对比不同工况下污染物扩散分布情况,最终得出道路声屏障对空气污染物的影响。结果显示,道路声屏障能有效降低快速路下风处附近污染物浓度,且对路外上风处污染物的扩散具有阻挡作用,5 m声屏障工况下污染物浓度降低超过30%。此外,污染物浓度随着快速路外污染源距离的增加而降低,在无声屏障时,外部污染源距离400 m相较于距离300 m和200 m时,迎风侧80 m范围内的污染物浓度分别下降了15%和38%,但声屏障对这一影响存在抑制作用,有5 m声屏障时,污染物浓度分别降低13%和25%。声屏障既降低区域暴露水平又一定程度上阻碍污染物扩散,因此在考虑运用声屏障或者相关物理结构改造措施来缓解交通空气污染时,应当综合考虑其利弊。Road noise barrier is the primary physical measure to alleviate the noise pollution of expressway,and it can affect the diffusion of traffic air pollutants to a certain extent.To investigate the impact of road sound barriers on the dispersion of traffic-related air pollutants,a simulation of pollutant dispersion was conducted using Fluent,which is based on fluid dynamics theory.This study examines the impact of changes in the height of road sound barriers and the distance of pollution sources outside the expressway.It compares the diffusion distribution of pollutants under different working conditions and ultimately derives the effect of road sound barriers on air pollutants.The results indicate that road sound barriers can effectively reduce pollutant concentration near the downwind side of the expressway and block the diffusion of pollutants outside the road at the upwind side.The concentration of pollutants is reduced by over 30%under the 5 m sound barrier condition.Furthermore,the concentration of pollutants decreases as the distance from the source outside the expressway increases.Without an acoustic barrier,the concentration of pollutants within an 80 m range on the windward side of the source decreases by 15%and 38%at distances of 400 m compared to 300 m and 200 m,respectively.However,the effect is inhibited by acoustic barriers,resulting in a decrease of 13%and 25%with 5 m of acoustic barriers,respectively.When considering the use of sound barriers or related physical structural modifications to mitigate traffic air pollution,it's important to take into account their advantages and disadvantages.Sound barriers can reduce regional exposure levels,but they can also hinder the dispersion of pollutants to some extent.

关 键 词：道路声屏障 污染物扩散 计算流体力学 数值模拟 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]