脑机接口技术的伦理困境之思  

Considerations on the Ethical Dilemmas of Brain-Computer Interface Technology

作　　者：郑保章[1] 王垚 ZHENG Bao-zhang;WANG Yao(School of Humanities,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian Liaoning 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学人文学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2024年第2期86-92,共7页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“大数据应用中的信息流动与伦理问题研究”(19BXW116)。

摘　　要：不同于以往技术实践,脑机接口技术打破了形而上学“人与技术二分”的旧有范式,实现了人与技术的深度融合,强调了人与技术之间的相互塑造与彼此嵌入的亲密关系形态,其应用场景包括行动替代式、意识捕获式与认知增强式。在脑机接口技术应用场景中“人-技术”的深度融合造成技术对人类自主性的干预、思维的可读取性使思维“裸奔”、技术自身缺陷与技术价值的非中立性造成认知干扰与责任归属模糊等伦理问题,对此可从政策制定、技术创新、伦理评估与建立监督反馈机制四方面出发实现技术治理。Different from the previous technical practice,the technology of BCI breaks the old paradigm of"dichotomy between man and technology".BCI realizes the deep integration of human and technology,and emphasizes the mutual shaping and embedded relationship between human and technology.Its applications include action substitution,consciousness capturing and cognitive enhancement.However,in the application of BCI,deep integration of"human-technology"causes ethical problems such as the interference of technology on human autonomy,streaking of mind caused by readability of thinking,and cognitive interference which depends on the defects of technology,non-neutrality of technical value,and the fuzzy attribution of responsibility.Therefore,technical governance can be realized from four aspects:policy formulation,technological innovation,ethical evaluation and establishment of supervision and feedback mechanism.

关 键 词：脑机接口 意识 认知干扰 伦理 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]