公民逝世后器官捐献激励政策的伦理研究  

Ethical research of incentive policies for organ donation after citizen’s death

作　　者：胡潇楠 吕任婕 王临英 孟烨湘 崔瑜 燕娟[1] Hu Xiaonan;Lyu Renjie;Wang Linying;Meng Yexiang;Cui Yu;Yan Juan(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学人文社会科学学院,太原030001 [2]山西医科大学第三医院,山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院

出　　处：《器官移植》2024年第3期456-462,共7页Organ Transplantation

基　　金：山西省教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度课题(GH-21196)。

摘　　要：近年来,随着公民逝世后器官捐献与移植事业的快速发展,国家及地方相继出台了激励政策。为保障公民逝世后器官捐献者及其家属的合法权益,本文从伦理学视角对公民逝世后器官捐献激励政策现状进行梳理与分析,结合公正、尊重自主、不伤害、有利原则,梳理我国当前在实践公民逝世后器官捐献激励政策中存在的问题,如精神激励缺乏延续性心理干预、人道救助在实践中被曲解及间接经济激励对个人捐献自主性的影响等,并从政府、社会和个人三个层面提出相关对策与建议,以期为完善我国公民逝世后器官捐献激励政策提供参考,促进我国器官捐献事业的发展。In recent years,with the rapid development of organ donation after citizen’s death and transplantation,central and local governments in China have successively released incentive policies.To protect the legitimate rights and interests of organ donors after citizen’s death and their families,current status of incentive policies for organ donation after citizen’s death was illustrated and analyzed from the perspective of ethics.Combining with the principles of justice,respect for autonomy,nonmaleficence and beneficence,the problems existing in the implementation of incentive policies for organ donation after citizen’s death were identified in China,such as lack of continuous psychological intervention in spiritual incentives,the misinterpretation of humanitarian assistance in practice and the impact of indirect economic incentives on individual donation autonomy,etc.Relevant countermeasures and suggestions were proposed at the government,society and individual levels,aiming to provide reference for improving the incentive policies for organ donation after citizen’s death and accelerate the development of organ donation in China.

关 键 词：公民逝世后器官捐献 器官移植 精神激励 经济激励 公正原则 尊重自主原则 不伤害原则 有利原则 

分 类 号：R617[医药卫生—外科学] R-052[医药卫生—临床医学]