小麦对杨树叶锈菌非寄主抗性的组织学观察及基因表达特征分析  

Histological observation and the defense-related gene expression pattern analysis of wheat nonhost resistance to poplar leaf rust

作　　者：张策 郭庆辰 庞慧慧 张思源 尹雯 马蕊 于丹[2] 赵晶[1] ZHANG Ce;GUO Qingchen;PANG Huihui;ZHANG Siyuan;YIN Wen;MA Rui;YU Dan;ZHAO Jing(State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学林学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2024年第1期127-136,共10页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2020JCW-16);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202210712077)。

摘　　要：杨树叶锈病严重危害杨树生长,种植抗病品种是应对该病害的有效途径。由于病菌变异导致抗性丧失,挖掘新的持久抗病资源成为亟待解决的生产问题。植物非寄主抗性因其广谱和持久的特点为抗病育种提供了新的途径。本文开展了小麦接种杨树叶锈菌(Melampsora larici-populina,Mlp)后的组织学观察和抗病相关基因表达特征等研究。结果发现,杨树叶锈菌在小麦叶片上可以正常萌发,但只有3.7%的芽管可以识别小麦气孔并侵染,少数侵染点可以侵染形成类似气孔下囊乃至侵染菌丝。侵染点位置早期产生的大量活性氧和胼胝质,有效阻止了病菌的进一步侵染,且没有发现明显的细胞坏死,表明小麦对杨树叶锈菌的防卫反应属于I型非寄主抗性。小麦茉莉酸(JA)合成途径中的基因LOX1和AOS1,以及JA信号途径下游的病程相关蛋白基因PR1a基因均受杨树叶锈菌侵染诱导表达,表明JA介导的抗病信号途径参与小麦对杨树叶锈菌的非寄主抗性。本研究为深入揭示小麦对杨树叶锈菌的分子机理奠定了基础。Poplar leaf rust is serious harm to the tree health and planting resistance cultivar is an effective way to control the disease.The breakdown of resistance owing to the variation of pathogen,it is urgent for exploring new resistance resources.Plant nonhost resistance,characterized by broad-spectrum and durability,provides a new resolution for resistance breeding.In the present study,the histology observation and the expression pattern of defense-related genes of wheat leaves inoculated with Melampsora larici-populina(Mlp),the casual agent of popular leaf rust,were analyzed.The results demonstrated that although Mlp urediniospores normally germinated on wheat leaves,only 3.7%recognized the stomata,and a very few of them were able to develop sub-stomatal vesicle-like(SSVL)structure and infection hypha.The immediately induction of H2O2 and callose at the infec-tion site arrested the further infection of the rust fungi.In addition,no cell death was observed,suggested that the defense reaction of wheat against Mlp belongs to type I nonhost resistance.Two genes involved in jasmonic acid synthesis,LOX1 and AOS1,as well as PR1a,the downstream pathogenesis related gene of JA pathway,were all induced by Mlp infection,highlighted an important role of JA pathway in wheat nonhost resistance to Mlp.This study provided groundwork for further elucidation of the molecular mechanism of wheat nonhost resis-tance to poplar leaf rust.

关 键 词：小麦 非寄主抗性 杨树叶锈病 茉莉酸 活性氧 

分 类 号：S432.2[农业科学—植物病理学]