中国野生动物调查存在的问题与改进建议  

Problems and Ways to Improve Wildlife Surveys in China

作　　者：李欣海[1,2] 郜二虎 李雪 谢文冬 楼瑛强 宋凯[1] 方昀 孙悦华[1] LI Xin-Hai;GAO Er-Hu;LI Xue;XIE Wen-Dong;LOU Ying-Qiang;SONG Kai;FANG Yun;SUN Yue-Hua(Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;College of Life Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Academy of Inventory and Planning,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100013;Beijing Dingxing Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所动物生态与保护生物学院重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京100049 [3]国家林业和草原局调查规划设计院,北京100013 [4]北京鼎星科技有限公司,北京100070

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2024年第2期282-292,共11页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31970432,31572287,41971060)。

摘　　要：一百余年前,人类就开始了相对系统的野生动物调查。目前已经建立了成熟的方法体系,并制定了相应的调查规范。最近几十年来,我国科研人员进行了大量的野生动物调查。但是,当前我国的野外调查规范还不够细致,调查者在调查时缺乏必要的约束,导致调查数据不规范、不可靠,很多重要信息缺失。突出问题有:样线信息不全,只有起点和终点的经纬度,没有自动记录的详细样线信息(如每秒记录一次的连续点位信息,含经纬度和时间);动物位点信息缺乏可信度指标(如距观测者的距离);调查时间不合理;调查地点的空间取样不均衡;记录的标准化不够(如每个观测点的观测时长不确定)等等。对此,我们参考国际通用的调查规范,提出了一些简单易行的调查要点,以便提高野外调查数据的质量。另外,我们提倡野外记录的无纸化,充分利用现有的手机应用软件(APP)和模型工具提高野外记录以及后期数据处理的效率。最后,我们提议建立固定的中国生物多样性监测样线体系,以便消除每年调查时空间取样的不确定性,更好地量化野生动物的时间动态,为野生动物的保护和管理提供依据。Systematic wildlife surveys have been carried out for over 100 years.At present,numerous survey methods have been developed and corresponding survey protocols have been established.In recent decades,Chinese researchers have conducted numerous surveys on wildlife.However,due to the lack of detailed field survey protocols,surveys are often carried out casually,resulting in unreliable and non-standardized data with many important pieces of information missing.Key issues include incomplete information on the sampling line with only the latitude and longitude of the starting and ending points provided,rather than detailed information with points recorded at every second;lack of reliability indicators for animal sighting information,such as the distance from the observer;unreasonable survey times;poor spatial sampling balance in survey regions;and insufficient standardization in recording,such as uncertainty in the recording duration at each observation point.In response,we have proposed some simple and feasible survey guidelines based on internationally accepted standards to improve the quality of field survey data.In addition,we advocate for paperless field recording,using existing mobile APPs and model tools to improve the efficiency of field recording and subsequent data processing.We recommend to develop a national wildlife survey system with thousands of predefined survey routes,so as to minimize the sampling uncertainty and better quantify the temporal dynamics of wildlife populations,and ultimately support wildlife management.

关 键 词：野生动物 数量估计 调查 监测 野外调查规范 手机应用软件(APP) 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]