近代汉口茶叶贸易中心地位的变迁  

Changes of the Position of Hankou Tea Trade Center in Modern Times

作　　者：左堃荣 Zuo Kunrong

机构地区：[1]湖北大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《农业考古》2024年第2期59-69,共11页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“‘万里茶道’茶业资料搜集整理与研究”(项目编号:19ZDA179);国家社会科学基金青年项目“近代汉口茶市研究(1861—1938)”(项目编号:21CZS060)。

摘　　要：清前期,作为多个茶产区交汇中心,汉口在长江下游茶叶向全国流通的网络中扮演了重要的角色,是“万里茶道”南部的重要节点。19世纪下半叶,随着运输线路的拓展和运输工具的升级,汉口在国内和国际茶叶贸易网络中的转运功能愈发重要。在全国茶叶贸易网络中,汉口以其强大的贸易辐射力、独特的头茶竞拍以及多样化的消费市场等优势,由一个区域性的茶叶贸易中心发展为全国茶叶贸易中心。为保证茶叶质量、节省运输成本和税厘费用,以俄商为代表的茶商开始在汉口就地生产包装,俄商砖茶厂迅速占据汉口茶叶市场,成为汉口茶叶加工产业的主力军。20世纪初,汉口成为当时全国唯一一个集转运、交易和加工三大功能为一体的均衡发展的综合性茶叶贸易中心。In the early Qing Dynasty,as the intersection center of several tea production areas,Hankou played an important role in the network of tea circulation from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River to the whole country.It was an important node in the south of The Tea Road.In the second half of the 19th centary,with the expansion of transportation routes and the upgrading of transportation tools,Hankou’s transfer function in the domestic and international tea trade network had become more and more important.In the national tea trade network,Hankou developed from a regional to a national tea trade centre with its strong trade radiation,unique head tea auction and diversified consumer markets.In order to ensure the quality of tea and save transportation costs and tax levies,tea merchants represented by the Russian tea merchants began to produce and package tea in Hankou.The Russian brick tea factories quickly occupied the tea market in Hankou,becoming the main force in the Hankou tea processing industry.At the beginning of the 20th century,Hankou became the only comprehensive tea trade center of balanced development with three functions of transfer,trading and processing.

关 键 词：近代汉口 茶叶贸易 转运中心 交易市场 加工产业 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]