中频真空电弧边缘击穿现象及仿真研究  

Experiment and Simulation for Edge Breakdown in Intermediate Frequency Vacuum Arc

作　　者：蒋原 马速良 武建文[3] 李擎[1] 朱立颖[4] Jiang Yuan;Ma Suliang;Wu Jianwen;Li Qing;Zhu Liying(Key Laboratory of Knowledge Automation for Industrial Processes of Ministry of Education School of Automation and Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083 China;Energy Storage Technology Engineering Research Center North China University of Technology,Beijing 100144 China;School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University,Beijing 100083 China;Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100194 China)

机构地区：[1]工业过程知识自动化教育部重点实验室(北京科技大学自动化学院),北京100083 [2]北方工业大学储能技术工程研究中心,北京100144 [3]北京航空航天大学自动化科学与电气工程学院,北京100083 [4]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100194

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2024年第9期2887-2895,共9页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52177127);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2020A1515110725);航空科学基金项目(2020Z025074001)资助。

摘　　要：为深入掌握航空变频(360~800 Hz)电力系统中真空电器电弧特性,该文围绕中频灭弧室弧后发生的边缘击穿现象,以双温磁流体动力学仿真结合实验的研究方法,得到了以下结论:中频真空电弧离子数密度的最大值为2.6×10^(19)m^(-3),离子温度的范围为0.30~0.91eV,电子温度的范围为1.50~2.43 eV;电子与离子之间存在能量交换,电子温度的变化会引起离子温度的变化;最高离子温度出现在阳极触头边缘处,与实验发现的边缘击穿位置重合,证明了此处确实存在能量集中;中频真空电弧是超声速流体,速度在边界处减慢,根据动能热能互换原理,中频真空电弧的质量流运动规律是边缘击穿的本质原因。The C919 aircraft is a typical more-electric aircraft equipped with an aviation variable frequency AC power system(intermediate frequency 360~800 Hz),which is also the latest development direction of power supply technology for large aircraft.In the process of localization of core components of more-electric aircraft,the current technical bottleneck is the extinguishing of intermediate frequency and high current arc of small volume aviation electrical apparatus.The application of vacuum switch is expected to solve the problem of arc extinguishing at intermediate frequency.At present,the main research methods of intermedia frequency vacuum arc include experimental observation and modeling simulation,among which modeling is an effective method to reveal the physical nature of arc discharge process.Firstly,in order to facilitate the acquisition of arc images,a short circuit experiment was carried out in the vacuum arc chamber with the shield removed.The experiment spacing was 3 mm,the diameter of the contact was 41 mm and 20 mm,and the gas pressure in the arc extinguishing chamber was 5×10^(-4) Pa.Short-circuit current forming intermediate frequency vacuum arc was generated by energy storage capacitor and inductor,with adjustable frequency of 360~800 Hz and maximum peak value of 20 kA.The intermediate frequency vacuum arc generating circuit consists of two branches:oscillation and arc initiation.Secondly,the dual-temperature magneto hydro-dynamic(MHD)model of intermediate frequency vacuum arc was established,which is based on the following assumptions:(1)The arc column region was completely ion-ized,containing only ions and electrons,without the effect of neutral particles.(2)The order of magnitude for Debye length was 10-8 m,and the order of magnitude for electron mean free path was 10^(-4) m,and the gap of contact was 3 mm.Thus,the region was quasi neutral,and the intermediate frequency vacuum arc can be equaled to MHD fluid.(3)the order of magnitude average collision time for electron and ion was 10-11 s and 10-

关 键 词：航空变频电源 中频真空电弧 弧后击穿 边缘击穿 双温磁流体动力学模型 

分 类 号：TM561[电气工程—电器]