汉语迂回型致使关系表达中主语生命度层级的比较研究  

Comparative Study on the Subject’s Animacy in Chinese Periphrastic Causatives

作　　者：胡月月 杨玲[2] Hu Yueyue;Yang Ling(School of Foreign Languages Chuzhou University,Chuzhou Anhui 239000;School of Foreign Studies Anhui University,Hefei Anhui 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]滁州学院外国语学院,安徽滁州239000 [2]安徽大学外语学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《北京化工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期106-115,共10页Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：安徽省哲学社会科学规划重点项目“汉英致使关系表达中主语生命度层级比较研究”(AHSKZ2021D29)。

摘　　要：汉语致使关系表达与生命度关联研究还有很大空间。论文基于语料库,对汉语迂回型致使关系表达中主语生命度层级开展语言内的比较,探讨由“使、令、让、叫、把”引导的致使句中主语生命度层级的异同。研究发现:使用频次上,迂回型致使句在文学语料库中的频次由高到低依次为把字句>使字句>让字句>令字句>叫字句;主语生命度的使用倾向上,“把”字句和表使令义、允许义和任凭义的“让、叫”字句以人类名词为优势,而“使、令、让、叫”都表示致使义时,致事侧重于事件;主语的语义类型上,“使、令、让、叫、把”字句中主语致事或致使性事件的引起因素较为复杂,具有多样性特征;主语生命度等级优先序列上,除了“使”和“让”字句较为相似,其他迂回型致使句式之间差异较大。There is still much room for research on the correlation between Chinese causative constructions and animacy.Based on the corpus,this paper makes a statistic analysis of the subject’s animacy in the Chinese periphrastic causative,and probes into the similarities and differences of the subject’s animacy in the causative sentence guided by“shi/ling/rang/jiao/ba”.Our analyses show that:(1)in terms of usage frequency,the sequence of Chinese periphrastic causatives in the literature corpora from high to low mainly presents the following tendency:“ba”sentence>“shi”sentence>“rang”sentence>“ling”sentence>“jiao”sentence;(2)as far as the distribution of the subject’s animacy is concerned,“ba”sentence and“rang”and“jiao”sentences that indicate the meaning of command,permission,and freedom have the strongest tendency to use human causers,while“shi/ling/rang/jiao”sentences that indicate causative meaning tend to use event causer as the subject;(3)with regard to the semantic type of the subject,the causers of the Chinese periphrastic constructions are relatively complex and have diverse characteristics;(4)as for the priority sequence of subject’s animacy,there are significant differences in the periphrastic constructions except for the“shi”and“rang”sentences.

关 键 词：生命度 “使、令、让、叫、把” 迂回型致使关系表达 语法化 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]