3种植物生长调节剂对遵义红花椒抑芽控梢及产量的影响  

Effects of Three Plant Growth Regulators on Bud Inhibition,Shoot Control and Yield of Red Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Zunyi

作　　者：黎礼谦 张付豪 罗英舰 姚华开 徐青 郑元利 杨秀伟 李小静 LI Liqian;ZHANG Fuhao;LUO Yingjian;YAO Huakai;XU Qing;ZHENG Yuanli;YANG Xiuwei;LI Xiaojing(Zunyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zunyi,Guizhou 563000,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省遵义市农业科学研究院,贵州遵义563000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第4期12-21,共10页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(黔科中引地〔2022〕4037);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑〔2021〕一般261号);贵州省科研机构创新能力建设专项资金项目(黔科合服企〔2021〕5号);贵州省林业特色产业科研项目(贵〔2022〕TSLY08)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明植物生长调节剂对遵义红花椒控梢保果效果,为遵义红花椒丰产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以3年生遵义红花椒树为材料,采用50%噻苯隆(C9H8N4OS)、98%磷酸二氢钾(KH_(2)PO_(4))和8%对氯苯氧乙酸钠(C_(8)H_(6)ClNaO_(3))进行3因素3水平正交试验设计,以不使用植物生长调节剂为对照(CK),共10个处理,通过对各处理间新梢生长量、单穗座果率变化量、单株产量、单粒直径和百粒重进行极差分析、方差分析和相关性分析,筛选出遵义红花椒抑芽控梢和提升产量的最佳方案。【结果】施用植物生长调节剂KH2PO4、C_(9)H_(8)N_(4)OS和C_(8)H_(6)ClNaO_(3)不同浓度组合对遵义红花椒新梢生长量抑制效果显著(P<0.05)。C_(9)H_(8)N_(4)OS是抑制花椒新梢生长,导致叶片脱落的主要因素。红花椒新梢生长量随C9H8N4OS浓度增加而逐渐减小,但高浓度C9H8N4OS会导致花椒树势衰弱,宜选用0.25 g/L C_(9)H_(8)N_(4)OS作为遵义红花椒的抑芽控梢浓度。KH2PO4是影响遵义红花椒单穗座果率变化量和单株产量的主要因素。单穗座果率变化量和单株产量均以处理2(1.33 g/L KH_(2)PO_(4)+0.25 g/L C_(9)H_(8)N_(4)OS+0.05 g/L C_(8)H_(6)ClNaO_(3))最高,分别为0.68%和2.02 kg。3种植物生长调节剂均不是影响花椒单粒直径和百粒重的主要因素。【结论】遵义红花椒在坐果期喷施1.33 g/L KH_(2)PO_(4)+0.25 g/L C_(9)H_(8)N_(4)OS+0.05 g/L C_(8)H_(6)ClNaO_(3)可有效抑制新梢生长,单穗座果率变化量及单株产量最高,宜在贵州省遵义地区推广使用。【Objective】The effects of plant growth regulators on fruit preservation and shoot control of red Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Zunyi were studied,which provided theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation of Zunyi red Z.bungeanum.【Method】The 3-year-old trees of red Z.bungeanum in Zunyi were used as materials,and 50%thidiazuron(C_(9)H_(8)N_(4)OS),98%potassium dihydrogen phosphate(KH_(2)PO_(4))and 8%sodium p-chlorophenoxyacetate(C_(8)H_(6)ClNaO_(3))were used for 3 factors and 3 levels orthogonal test design,with no use of plant growth regulators as the control(CK).Through the range analysis,variance analysis and correlation analysis on new shoot growth,variation of fruit setting rate per spike,yield per plant,single grain diameter and 100-grain weight among the treatments,the best scheme for bud inhibition,shoot control and yield improvement of red Z.bungeanum in Zunyi was screened out.【Result】After applying plant growth regulators with different concentrations of KH_(2)PO_(4),C_(9)H_(8)N_(4)OS and C_(8)H_(6)ClNaO_(3),the shoot growth of red Z.bungeanum in Zunyi was significantly inhibited(P<0.05)C_(9)H_(8)N_(4)OS was the main factor that inhibited the growth of new shoots and led to the shedding of leaves.The growth of red Z.bungeanum shoots decreased with the increase of C_(9)H_(8)N_(4)OS concentration,but the high concentration of C_(9)H_(8)N_(4)OS would lead to the weakness of Z.bungeanum.Therefore,0.25 g/L C_(9)H_(8)N_(4)OS should be used as the inhibition concentration of red Z.bungeanum shoot in Zunyi.KH_(2)PO_(4) was the main factor affecting the variation of fruit setting rate per spike and yield per plant of Zunyi red Z.bungeanum.The variation of fruit setting rate per spike and yield per plant were the highest under treatment 2(1.33 g/L KH_(2)PO_(4)+0.25 g/L C_(9)H_(8)N_(4)OS+0.05 g/L C_(8)H_(6)ClNaO_(3)),which were 0.68%and 2.02 kg,respectively.The three plant growth regulators were not the main factors affecting the single grain diameter and 100-grain weight of Z.bungeanum.【Conclusion】Spray

关 键 词：遵义红花椒 产量 植物生长调节剂 抑芽 控梢 噻苯隆 磷酸二氢钾 对氯苯氧乙酸钠 

分 类 号：S573.9[农业科学—作物学]