葡萄枝条原位还田不同处理对其腐解及土壤性质的影响  

Effects of Different Treatments of Grape Branches In-situ Returning to the Field on Decomposition and Soil Properties

作　　者：韦茂春 李祥[2] 杨美悦 韩智勇 鄂涛[5] 罗银浩 WEI Maochun;LI Xiang;YANG Meiyue;HAN Zhiyong;E Tao;LUO Yinhao(Guangxi Chemical Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Nanning,Guangxi 530000;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710021;Xi’an Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710000;School of the Environment,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan 610059;College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering,Bohai University,Jinzhou,Liaoning 121000;Fufeng County Luoyinhao Farmer Specialized Cooperative,Fufeng,Shaanxi 722200,China)

机构地区：[1]广西化工研究院有限公司,广西南宁530000 [2]陕西科技大学化工学院,陕西西安710021 [3]西安市农业技术推广中心,陕西西安710000 [4]成都理工大学环境学院,四川成都610059 [5]渤海大学化学与材料工程学院,辽宁锦州121000 [6]扶风县罗银浩农业种植农民专业合作社,陕西扶风722200

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第4期22-28,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目“苹果枝条资源化利用关键技术集成与示范”(2019XY-03);陕西省重点研发计划项目“秸秆资源在农田土壤的综合利用技术开发与示范”(2019ZDLNY01-05-02,2023-ZDLNY-02),“残次水果肥料化技术研究”(2023-YBNY-257);广西重点研发计划项目“蔬菜废弃物肥料化技术研究与应用示范”(桂科ABl9259016);陕西省林业科学院项目“经济林枝条(落叶)最佳肥料化模式构建及推广应用研究”(SXLK2020-0218);西安市科技计划项目“秸秆资源在农田土壤的综合利用技术开发与示范”(20193051YF039NS039);咸阳市重点研发计划项目“蔬菜尾菜肥料化技术研究与示范”(S2021ZDYF-GY-0590)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明枝条原位还田增施负载营养微生物菌剂、土壤调理剂、尿素对枝条腐解率及土壤性质的影响,为省时省力的枝条肥料化利用提供科学依据。【方法】以不进行葡萄枝条原位还田为对照(CK),采用田间试验方法,研究枝条原位还田不同处理〔T_(1)(不施肥)、T_(2)(尿素225 kg/hm^(2))、T_(3)(尿素225 kg/hm^(2)、负载营养微生物菌剂60 kg/hm^(2))、T_(4)(尿素225 kg/hm^(2)、负载营养微生物菌剂60 kg/hm^(2)、土壤调理剂300 kg/hm^(2))〕对枝条腐解率与土壤性质的影响。【结果】T_(4)枝条腐解率、土壤有机质、孔隙度和水分含量较CK、T_(1)、T_(2)和T_(3)分别提高12.7%~33.3%,5.52%~33.04%,3.61%~16.41%和2.40%~19.66%,土壤容重降低6.19%~16.54%。T_(4)细菌、放线菌和真菌较CK、T_(1)、T_(2)和T_(3)分别增加0.09~6.94倍、0.33~7.78倍和0.31~1.03倍。T_(4)土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性较CK、T_(1)、T_(2)和T_(3)分别提高0.25~5.48倍、0.04~0.65倍、0.31~1.78倍和0.12~1.60倍。各处理土壤N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn和B含量均为T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(2)>T_(1)>CK。【结论】葡萄枝条原位还田可提升腐解率、土壤有机质含量、孔隙度、水分含量、土壤微生物数量、酶活性与矿质元素含量,降低土壤容重,其中,以葡萄枝条原位还田时增施尿素225 kg/hm^(2)、负载营养微生物菌剂60 kg/hm^(2)、土壤调理剂300 kg/hm^(2)的效果最佳。【Objective】It was aimed to explore the effects of applying microbial agent with nutrition,soil conditioner and urea during the branches in-situ returning to the field on decomposition rate of branches and soil properties,which provided scientific basis for time-saving and labor-saving fertilization utilization of branches.【Method】Taking nonbranches returning to the field as the control(CK),through field experiment,four treatments〔T_(1)(non fertilization),T_(2)(225 kg/hm^(2) urea),T_(3)(225 kg/hm^(2) urea+60 kg/hm^(2) microbial agent with nutrition)and T_(4)(225 kg/hm^(2) urea+60 kg/hm^(2) microbial agent with nutrition+300 kg/hm^(2) soil conditioner)〕were set up to study their effects on decomposition rate of branches and soil properties.【Result】The decomposition rate of branches,soil organic matter,porosity and water content under T_(4) treatment increased by 12.7%—33.3%,5.52%—33.04%,3.61%—16.41%and 2.40%—19.66%compared with CK,T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3),respectively,while the soil bulk density decreased by 6.19%—16.54%.The bacteria,actinomyces and fungi under T_(4) treatment increased by 0.09—6.94 times,0.33—7.78 times and 0.31—1.03 times compared with CK,T_(1),T_(2)and T_(3),respectively.The activity of CAT,saccharase,urease and phosphatase under T_(4) treatment increased by 0.25—5.48 times,0.04—0.65 times,0.31—1.78 times and 0.12—1.60 times compared with CK,T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3),respectively.N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn and B with different treatments showed as T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(2)>T_(1)>CK.【Conclusion】The branches in-situ returning to field can improve the decomposition rate,soil organic matter content,porosity,water content,microbial quantities in soil,enzyme activity and content of mineral elements,reduce the soil bulk density.Applying 225 kg/hm^(2) urea,60 kg/hm^(2) microbial agent with nutrition and 300 kg/hm^(2) soil conditioner during grape branches in-situ returning to the field has the best effect.

关 键 词：葡萄 枝条 原位还田 微生物菌剂 土壤调理剂 枝条腐解率 土壤性质 酶活性 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]