台农1号百香果的营养成分及食用安全性  

Nutritional Composition and Edible Safety of Passiflora edulis‘Tainong 1’

作　　者：袁启凤[1] 颜培玲 张玉涛 陈楠 王立娟[1] 史斌斌 卢晨 李仕品 YUAN Qifeng;YAN Peiling;ZHANG Yutao;CHEN Nan;WANG Lijuan;SHI Binbin;LU Chen;LI Shipin(Guizhou Institute of Pomology Science,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Wangyou Center for Agricultural Services,Huishui,Guizhou 550606,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省果树科学研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]惠水县王佑镇农业服务中心,贵州惠水550606

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第4期97-103,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技厅基础研究计划(自然科学类)项目(黔科合基础-ZK〔2023〕一般168);贵州省农业科学院青年基金项目(黔农科院青年基金〔2022〕17);贵州山地特色果树种质资源库创新能力建设项目(黔科合服企〔2021〕08)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明棚架立柱栽培方式对百香果果实营养成分、重金属及农药残留的影响,为集中水肥、农药等物资利用及选择种植模式提供科学依据。【方法】以百香果品种台农1号为研究对象,采用棚架立柱栽培(种植密度166株/667m^(2)),参照《中国植物志》对植株进行植物学性状描述,采用国标检测方法对果实水分、灰分、蛋白质、淀粉、总酸、维生素C、总黄酮、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、钾、镁、锌、锰、钙、氨基酸、多菌灵、氟氯氰菊酯和高效氟氯氰菊酯、百菌清、铅、镉等进行测定,并对重金属和农药残留进行安全性评价。【结果】台农1号茎圆柱形,叶纸质,掌状3深裂,外果皮光滑,紫色或紫红色,具香气;蛋白质、总黄酮、维生素C、钙、镁、锌含量较高,分别为2.85 g/100g、12.73 mg/100g、21.80 mg/100g、89.0 mg/kg和152.0 mg/kg、3.3 mg/kg;氨基酸16种,以谷氨酸含量最高,为320 mg/100g,赖氨酸为第一限制氨基酸,必需氨基酸含量为381 mg/100g、占总氨基酸的29.75%,非必需氨基酸含量为760 mg/100g、占59.32%,半必需氨基含量为140 mg/100g、占10.93%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值为50.13%;未检出多菌灵、百菌清、氟氯氰菊酯和高效氟氯氰菊酯等农药残留;未检出重金属铅,镉含量低于限定值,在安全范围内。【结论】台农1号植株性状稳定,围绕立柱四周不同方位种植,其空间利用率大、果园通风透光好,果实营养丰富,未检测出农药残留,未受重金属污染,食用安全。【Objective】The effects of frame cultivation patterns on the nutritional composition,heavy metals,and pesticide residues of Passiflora edulis fruit were explored to provide the scientific basis for the centralized utilization of water,fertilizer,pesticides,and other materials and the selection of planting patterns.【Method】Taking Tainong No.1 as the research object,the frame pattern was used as the planting density of 166 plants/667m^(2).The botanical characteristics of the plants were described referring to Flora of China.National standard detection methods were used to determine the fruit moisture,ash,protein,starch,total acid,vitamin C,total flavonoids,superoxide dismutase(SOD),potassium,magnesium,zinc,manganese,calcium,amino acids,carbendazim,cypermethrin,lambda-cyhalothrin,chlorothalonil,lead and cadmium,and the safety of heavy metals and pesticide residues was evaluated.【Result】Tainong No.1 was featured with cylindrical stem,papery leaves,palmately 3-lobed,smooth outer skin,purple or purplish red fruit,and fragrant aroma.The content of protein,total flavonoids,vitamin C,calcium,magnesium and zinc were relatively high,respectively at 2.85 g/100g,12.73 mg/100g,21.80 mg/100g,89.0 mg/kg,152.0 mg/kg and 3.3 mg/kg.A total of 16 amino acids were found,among which glutamic acid was the highest at 320 mg/100g.Lysine was the first limiting amino acid.The essential amino acid content,non-essential amino acid content and semi-essential amino acid content were respectively 381 mg/100g,760 mg/100g and 140 mg/100g,accounting for 29.75%,59.32%and 10.93%of the total amino acid separately.Meanwhile,the ratio of essential amino acid to non-essential amino acid was 50.13%.No pesticide residues such as carbendazim,chlorothalonil,cyfluthrin,or lambda-cyhalothrin were detected,while no heavy metal lead was detected.The cadmium content was below the limit value and was within the safe range.【Conclusion】Tainong No.1 has stable plant traits.When it is planted in different directions around the frame,the space utilizati

关 键 词：百香果 西番莲 台农1号 棚架 品质 重金属 农药残留 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学] TS255.7[农业科学—园艺学]