生成式人工智能的专利法律问题思考  

Thoughts on patent law of generative artificial intelligence

作　　者：管荣齐[1] 王晶晶[1] GUAN Rongqi;WANG Jingjing(Intellectual Property Law Research Base,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学知识产权法研究基地,天津300072

出　　处：《南京邮电大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期37-46,共10页Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“法院审查专利有效性的制度设计研究”(19BFX145);天津大学研究生教育专项基金项目“面向新科技革命的知识产权法学人才培养”(A2-2021-005);天津大学党的二十大精神专题研究阐释项目“中国式现代化引领知识产权保护研究”(2023XS-0035)。

摘　　要：生成式人工智能在发明人主体资格、其生成物的可专利性及审查条件、权利归属、责任承担等方面对传统专利法律制度提出了挑战。生成式人工智能算法与其生成物的区分是讨论生成式人工智能专利法律问题的前提,发明人主体资格并不影响生成物中的技术方案作为专利法的保护客体。在审查条件方面,可以适当地采用综合对比原则以确保新颖性审查的准确性,调整“本领域技术人员”的拟制以提高创造性的审查标准,同时要坚持实用性的审查标准。在权利归属方面,经人工干预的发明,其专利权应当归属于发明人;未经人工干预的发明,应当参照适用职务发明和委托发明制度来确定其权利归属。在侵权责任方面,由于人工智能本身无法承担责任,应当将侵权责任分配至其背后的相关主体。Generative artificial intelligence challenges the traditional patent law system in the aspects of inventor's subject qualification,patentability and examination conditions of its products,ownership of rights and responsibility.The distinction between generative artificial intelligence algorithm and its product is the premise of discussing the patent law of generative artificial intelligence.The subject qualification of the inventor does not affect the technical scheme in the product as the protection object of patent law.In terms of examination conditions,the principle of comprehensive comparison can be appropriately adopted to ensure the accuracy of novelty examination,and the hypothesis of“technical personnel in the field”can be adjusted to improve the examination standard of creativity,while adhering to the practical examination standard.In terms of the ownership of rights,the patent right of the invention with artificial intervention should belong to the inventor;For inventions without artificial intervention,the ownership of rights shall be determined by reference to the applicable system of service invention and commission invention.In terms of tort liability,since AI itself cannot bear the responsibility,the tort liability should be allocated to the relevant subjects behind it.

关 键 词：生成式人工智能 人工智能生成物 专利法 知识产权 

分 类 号：D923.42[政治法律—民商法学]