日本核污水排海海洋生态损害责任的法理性审视及应对策略  

A Legal Review of Liability for Marine Ecological Damage in Japan’s Nuclear Wastewater Discharge and Countermeasure Strategy

作　　者：任洪涛[1] REN Hongtao(Law School,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学法学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《浙江海洋大学学报（人文科学版）》2024年第2期20-25,53,共7页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Humanities Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大专项课题“海洋自然资源开发利用和保护的国内外法律规制对比研究”(编号:19VHQ010)。

摘　　要：日本核污水排海引发了国际社会对全球海洋生态损害的广泛关注与担忧。该行为不但违反了国际公约的相关规定,也反映了日本政府及其东京电力公司极端不负责任的态度。日本核污水排海海洋生态损害责任的归责以及责任主体成为后续事态发展的研究重点。就归责原则而言,日本核污水排海的海洋生态损害责任应当适用严格责任原则。就责任主体认定而言,虽然日本政府和东京电力公司应当共同承担核污水排海的海洋生态损害赔偿责任,但责任主体实质上归属于日本政府。鉴于核污水对海洋生态损害的长期性和不可逆性,应重视推广海洋跨界环境影响评价制度、引入预防性海洋环境公益诉讼制度、推动建立国际海洋生态损害赔偿制度等,以促进全球海洋环境治理转型、维护相关利益国正当海洋权益。Since the Japanese radioactive wastewater was discharged into the sea,there has been widespread concern within the international community regarding the damage to the global marine ecology.This act not only violates the relevant provisions of international conventions,but also reflects the extremely irresponsible attitude of the Japanese government and Tokyo Electric Power Company(TEPCO).The attribution of responsibility for the marine ecological damage caused by Japan’s discharge of radioactive wastewater and the identification of responsible entities have become the research focus of subsequent developments.Under the principle of strict liability,Japan bears the responsibility for the marine ecological damage caused by its nuclear wastewater discharge.In terms of the identification of the responsible entities,although the Japanese government and Tokyo Electric Power Company should jointly bear the liability for the marine ecological damage caused by the discharge,the primary responsibility essentially rests with the Japanese government.In view of the long-term and irreversible nature of the damage caused by nuclear-contaminated water to the marine ecology,attention should be paid to developing transboundary marine environmental impact assessment systems,introducing preventive marine environmental public interest litigation systems,and advancing the establishment of international marine ecological damage compensation systems.These measures are crucial to promote the transformation of global marine environmental governance and safeguard the legitimate maritime rights and interests of concerned countries.

关 键 词：日本福岛核事故 核污水排海 海洋生态损害 法律责任 

分 类 号：DF935[政治法律—国际法学]