个人政府信息更正请求权之建构  

Construction of the Right to Request Correction of Personal Government Information

作　　者：白云锋 BAI Yunfeng

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院,南京210093

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期66-78,共13页Journal of Shanghai Jiao tong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：2022年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“应急行政中行政法律责任的追究与豁免问题研究”(22CFX057)。

摘　　要：信息化时代,个人信息包含个人市场信息和个人政府信息双重意涵,个人信息权利具有私权利和公权利双重面向。就权利基础而言,个人对于政府的信息更正请求是一种基于消极地位的防御请求权。就权利构造而言,个人政府信息更正权利的提出主体、是否记录不准确的判断主体,原则上均为本人。个人政府信息更正的内容应该区分事实与评价。信息更正的方式包括追加、更正和删除,其中删除标准不同于被遗忘权基于个人评价的主观标准,是基于事实是否准确的客观标准。个人申请信息更正无须实行公开申请前置主义,应由行政机关在审查更正申请时进行信息公开性的审查。就权利救济而言,应坚持更正申请前置,区分信息记录行为审查与行政行为审查,并允许法院在个人政府信息记录明显不准确的情形下作出变更判决。In the era of informatization,personal information embodies the dual implications of individual market information and individual government information,conferring both private rights and public rights to individuals in the realm of personal information.With regard to the foundation of rights,the request for correction of government information by individuals constitutes a defensive claim rooted in a negative position.Concerning the structure of rights,the proposer of the right to correct personal information and the determiner of the accuracy of personal information records are,in principle,the individuals themselves.The content of the correction of personal information should distinguish between facts and evaluations.The methods of information correction encompass addition,correction,and deletion,with the criteria for deletion differing from the right to be forgotten,which is based on the subjective standard of personal evaluation.Instead,the deletion standard is based on the objective criterion of whether the facts are accurate.The application for correction of information by individuals does not need to adhere to a presumption of openness;instead,the administrative authority should conduct a review of the openness of information when examining correction applications.In terms of remedies,it is imperative to uphold the presumption of correction applications,differentiate between the review of information recording behavior and administrative actions,and permit courts to render modification judgments when information recording is evidently inaccurate.

关 键 词：个人信息保护 政府信息公开 公权利 日本行政机关个人信息保护法 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.1[政治法律—法学]