基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法的若尔盖高原高寒湿地生态修复格局优化  

Optimization of ecological restoration pattern of alpine wetland in Zoige Plateau based on NSGA-Ⅱalgorithm

作　　者：赵丞豪 张学霞[1,2] 姜东旸 郭长庆 王景萍 王翔宇 ZHAO Chenghao;ZHANG Xuexia;JIANG Dongyang;GUO Changqing;WANG Jingping;WANG Xiangyu(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China;Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation in State Forestry Administration,100083,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]水土保持国家林业局重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2024年第2期55-64,共10页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国工程院院地合作项目“黄河上游四川段水源涵养功能修复与保护战略研究”(2022-DFZD-26);国家重点研发计划“退化高寒湿地恢复适应保护模式示范推广”(2017YF050402)。

摘　　要：随着全球气候变暖和人类活动增强,高寒湿地面临着面积萎缩、动植物生境恶化、生态系统结构和功能退化等环境问题。以若尔盖高原高寒湿地为研究对象,基于生态系统稳态转化理论,使用湿地景观演变函数和第二代非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ,NSGA-Ⅱ)分析1980—2015年7期湿地动态变化,计算多情景多目标函数值,选择适宜目标并基于社会经济生态可持续性发展、湿地生态系统稳态平衡原则,制订湿地修复优化策略。结果表明,可持续发展区、过度关注区与过度扰动区呈围绕发展,分别占湿地总面积的45.25%、17.27%与37.48%;基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法评价无偏好(等权最优)、经济效益最大化、生态效益最大化、空间紧凑度最大化、修复适宜性最大化5个目标下的湿地修复策略,无偏好策略函数值在经济效益、生态效益与湿地修复适宜性方面分别提升41.45%、9.18%和1.65%;基于社会经济可持续性发展的需求,构建保护优先、自然恢复、近自然恢复和适度修复4类若尔盖高原湿地生态修复空间优化格局。[Background]The Zoige Plateau is the most important ecological function area in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and is also a sensitive area of climate change and ecological environment,with the largest alpine marsh in the world.With warming of global climate and enhancement of human activities,the Zoige Plateau alpine wetland is faced with the environmental problems such as the area shrinkage,the deterioration of animal and plant habitat,and the degradation of ecosystem structure and function.Protecting the local unique ecological environment and exploring the best way to restore the ecology of alpine wetland have become the focus of current research,and are also the research objectives of this paper.[Methods]Taking the Zoige Plateau alpine wetland as the research object and based on land use data,wetland landscape evolution function was adapted to analyze the dynamic changes of wetlands in seven periods from 1980 to 2015.Based on the data of ecological and economic benefits of various finished products,the NSGA-Ⅱ(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ)was applied to calculate multi-scenario and multi-objective function values,and to compare the differences of the function values.Finally,according to the principles of sustainable development and ecosystem stability,appropriate function results were selected to formulate the optimization strategy of wetland restoration.[Results]1)Sustainable development area,over-concerned area,and over-disturbed area accounted for 45.25%,17.27%and 37.48%of the total wetland area,respectively.On the whole,there were many unreasonable restoration behaviors and over-utilization behaviors in the Zoige wetland.2)Based on the principles of sustainable social and economic development and ecological protection,a multi-objective optimization model for ecological restoration of Zoige Plateau alpine wetland was constructed.With the help of the NSGA-Ⅱalgorithm,the wetland restoration strategies with five objectives were evaluated,including no preference(equal weight

关 键 词：景观演变函数 NSGA-Ⅱ算法 格局优化 若尔盖高原 

分 类 号：Q146[生物学—生态学]