《刑法修正案(十二)》下行贿犯罪的均衡适用  

On Balanced Application of Offenses of Offering Bribes under the Criminal Law Amendment(Ⅻ)

作　　者：马寅翔[1] Ma Yinxiang

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2024年第2期23-36,共14页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

摘　　要：《刑法修正案(十二)》对行贿犯罪的修改,旨在实现与受贿犯罪惩处的实质均衡,并增强行贿犯罪处罚条款的积极预防功能。这体现的是对行贿犯罪的预防性严惩,而非单纯对其进行严厉惩治。司法应遵循该修法精神指引,确保罪名适用的稳健性。为实现修正案关于贿赂犯罪的处罚均衡性目标,需要将预防性严惩的修法精神与宽严相济、从严治吏等一贯的刑事政策相结合,将“入罪认定总体稳健,量刑评价适度从严”作为新法适用方向。贿赂犯罪的保护法益为职务行为的自主决策权,对行贿犯罪的惩处力度取决于侵害该法益的具体形式,而非“受贿行贿同等罚”。新增的行贿罪从重处罚情节仅为量刑情节,应根据从重处罚的实质依据对各个情节进行目的性限缩解释,以确保司法适用的精确性与均衡性。The Criminal Law Amendment(Ⅻ)revises bribery offenses to establish a substantive balance in punishing both offering and accepting bribes,while also enhancing the positive preventive function of bribery punishment provisions.This underscores a focus on the severe punishment with a preventive aim for offenses of offering bribes,rather than merely imposing harsh penalties.The adjudication of offenses of offering bribes by the judiciary should adhere to the spirit and guidance outlined in the amendment.In order to achieve the amendment's goal of balanced punishment for bribery crimes,it is essential to integrate the legislative approach to incorporate preventive punishment with established criminal policies,such as blending leniency with severity,and enforcing strict governance among officials.This involves adopting the principle of"consistent identification of conviction and moderately strict sentencing"as the direction for applying these revised provisions.The legal interest of bribery crimes is official autonomy of decision-making.Therefore,the severity of punishment for offering bribes should correspond to the specific form of infringement on the legal interest,avoiding an approach that"equates the punishments for offering and accepting bribes".The added conditions for more severe punishment of offering bribes are intended solely as sentencing factors and should be restrictively interpreted based on their substantive rationale,ensuring judicial precision and balance.

关 键 词：《刑法修正案(十二)》 行贿犯罪 犯罪预防 罪刑均衡 对向犯 

分 类 号：D924.392[政治法律—刑法学]