从实践到理论:单位犯罪制度的发展历程与未来展望  

From Practice to Theory:History and Future of Unit Crimes

作　　者：孙国祥[1] Sun Guoxiang

机构地区：[1]南京大学

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2024年第2期117-133,共17页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“监察法与刑法衔接问题研究”(项目编号:20BFX056)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：改革开放催生了单位犯罪的现象和相关刑法理论。45年来,有关单位犯罪的立法从无到有、从少到多,虽然起步较晚,但步伐很快,且至今仍无停歇的迹象。与之相对应,单位犯罪的理论研究也经历了理论启蒙、立法注释和本体建构三个阶段,积累了丰富成果。回溯45年来有关单位犯罪的立法和司法,不难发现,立法与司法存在一定程度的脱节,司法对单位犯罪的认定始终秉持一种谨慎的立场。在对单位犯罪的理论研究中,归责基础的本体建构仍是薄弱环节,司法实践中的诸多问题也亟须理论破解。展望未来单位犯罪制度的发展方向,理论研究应当立足于本土的立法和司法实践,深入研究单位犯罪的基础性问题,尤其是单位犯罪的刑事责任基础、刑事政策转型,以理论创新回应单位犯罪的实践问题,为建设具有中国特色的单位犯罪制度提供支撑。The reform and opening up gave birth to the phenomenon of unit crime and the theory of unit crime.In the past 45 years,the legislation of unit crime has started from scratch,from less to more,although it started late,the pace is fast,and there is still no sign of stopping.Correspondingly,the theoretical research of unit crime has also experienced three stages of theoretical enlightenment,legislative annotation and ontology construction,and has accumulated rich achievements.Looking back on the legislation and judicature of unit crime in the past 45 years,it is not difficult to find that there is a certain degree of disconnection between legislation and judicature,and the judicature has always upheld a cautious stance in determining unit crime.In the theoretical research of unit crime,the ontological construction of imputation basis is still a weak link,and many problems in the practice of unit crime urgently need to be solved theoretically.Looking at the development direction of unit crime in the future,theoretical research should be based on local legislation and judicial practice,in-depth research on the basic issues of unit crime,especially the basis of criminal responsibility of unit crime and the transformation of criminal policy,and respond to practical problems of unit crime with theoretical innovation,so as to provide support for the construction of legislation and justice of unit crime with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：单位犯罪 法人犯罪 企业犯罪 经济犯罪 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]