不同施氮水平对双季稻产量、氮素利用率及稻田氮素平衡的影响  

Effects of the Different Nitrogen Levels on Yield,Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and the Nitrogen Balance of Double-Cropping Rice in Paddy Field

作　　者：秦碧蓉 尤赛雅 陈书融 朱练峰 孔亚丽 朱春权 田文昊 张均华 金千瑜 曹小闯 刘丽[1] Qin Birong;You Saiya;Chen Shurong;Zhu Lianfeng;Kong Yali;Zhu Chunquan;Tian Wenhao;Zhang Junhua;Jin Qianyu;Cao Xiaochuang;Liu Li(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China;State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 310006,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310006

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第2期89-96,共8页Crops

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划(2022C02018,2021C02035);国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2023YFD2302200)。

摘　　要：以“中早39”和“天优华占”为供试材料,通过大田试验研究不同施氮水平对早、晚稻产量形成、氮素利用率和水稻―土壤氮素平衡的影响。结果表明,施氮显著增加了双季稻在0~40 cm土层土壤残留无机氮,且氮形态以NH_(4)^(+)-N为主;当施氮量分别超过180 kg/hm^(2)(早稻)、200 kg/hm^(2)(晚稻)时,土壤残留无机氮含量不再显著增加;水稻―土壤氮素平衡表明,除氮肥外,其他氮输入占氮素总输入的48.7%~78.4%,氮的输出主要受水稻吸氮量、土壤氮残留量和氮损失量影响,在一定施氮范围内,随着施氮量的增加均显著增加。随着施氮水平的提高,早、晚稻产量呈先增加后降低的趋势,其主要通过增加有效穗数和穗粒数增加水稻产量;氮偏生产力、氮农学利用率与氮素依存率随施氮量增加显著降低,但氮吸收利用率、氮表观残留率和氮肥贡献率呈相反变化趋势。水稻产量和施氮量二次回归模型表明,早稻、晚稻最佳施氮量分别为163.4和209.2 kg/hm^(2)。因此,浙江杭州区域双季稻推荐施氮量分别为早稻163.4 kg/hm^(2)、晚稻209.2 kg/hm^(2),能够达到水稻高产、氮肥高效。A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen application levels on yield formation,nitrogen utilization efficiency and rice-soil nitrogen balance,using“Zhongzao 39”and“Tianyouhuazhan”as test materials.The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased the residual inorganic nitrogen in the 0-40 cm soil layer,and the nitrogen form was mainly NH_(4)^(+)-N,when the amount of nitrogen application was higher than 180 kg/ha(early rice)and 200 kg/ha(late rice),respectively.Rice-soil nitrogen balance showed that,except for nitrogen fertilizer,other nitrogen input accounts for 48.7%-78.4%of total input of nitrogen,nitrogen output is mainly affected by nitrogen uptake of rice,the soil nitrogen residue and nitrogen loss.In a certain range of nitrogen application,it increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the yields of early and late rice increased first and then decreased,it mainly increased rice yield by increasing the number of effective panicles and spikelets per panicle.Utilization rate of nitrogen partial productivity,nitrogen utilization rate of agronomy and nitrogen interdependent rate significantly reduced with the increase of N application,but nitrogen absorption utilization rate,apparent retention rate of nitrogen and nitrogen contribution rate showed on opposite trend.Rice yield and N application quadratic regression model showed that the best early rice and late rice N application were 163.4 kg/ha and 209.2 kg/ha.Therefore,the recommended N application rate of early rice and late rice were 163.4 kg/ha and 209.2 kg/ha in Hangzhou,Zhejiang province,respectively,which can achieve high yield and efficient nitrogen fertilizer.

关 键 词：氮肥用量 产量 氮素利用率 氮素平衡 双季稻 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]