大豆苗期水分亏缺对土壤酶活性及微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of Water Deficit in Soybean Seedling Stage on Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Diversity

作　　者：李多 王晨[1] 张明聪 曹亮 金喜军[1] 张玉先[1] 王孟雪[1] Li Duo;Wang Chen;Zhang Mingcong;Cao Liang;Jin Xijun;Zhang Yuxian;Wang Mengxue(College of Agronomy,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163000,Heilongjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Daqing 163000,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163000 [2]农业农村部东北平原农业绿色低碳重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163000

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第2期148-157,共10页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000905);大庆市指导性科技计划(zd-2020-44)。

摘　　要：为研究不同程度水分亏缺对大豆土壤酶活性及土壤微生物多样性的影响,以干旱敏感型大豆绥农26为材料,采用盆栽试验,在苗期分别设置土壤含水量为田间持水量的70%(正常供水,CK)、60%(轻度水分亏缺,T1)、50%(中度水分亏缺,T2)和40%(重度水分亏缺,T3)4个处理,对土壤酶活性进行测定,并利用高通量测序技术对土壤微生物的群落构成和多样性进行研究。结果表明,除成熟期外,其他生育期土壤脲酶活性均为T1处理最大;与CK相比,不同处理土壤蔗糖酶活性下降13.89%~21.94%;复水后,土壤过氧化氢酶活性则为T2处理最高,而土壤磷酸酶活性则在T1处理达到最大。水分亏缺可引起土壤微生物数量发生改变,丰富度增加,且与酶活性间存在一定的相关性。大豆单株产量在T1处理下达到最大,相比CK显著提高9.55%。综上可知,适度的水分亏缺在一定程度上可对土壤酶活性起到促进作用,进一步影响土壤微环境,从而达到节水增产目的。In order to study the effects of different degrees of water deficit on soil enzyme activities and soil microbial diversity of soybean,a pot experiment was conducted with drought sensitive soybean Suinong 26.At seedling stage,soil water content was set at 70%(normal water supply,CK),60%(mild water deficit,T1),50%(moderate water deficit,T2)and 40%(severe water deficit,T3)of field capacity treatments,the soil enzyme activity was determined,and the high-throughput sequencing technique was used to study the community composition and diversity of soil microorganisms.The results showed that soil urease activity in T1 treatment was the highest in all growth stages except mature stage.Compared with CK,soil sucrase activity in different water deficit treatments decreased by 13.89%to 21.94%.After rehydration,soil catalase activity was the highest with T2 treatment,while soil phosphatase activity reached the highest with T1 treatment.Water deficit could lead to changes in the number of soil microorganisms,increase in richness,and there was a certain correlation with enzyme activities.The yield per plant of soybean reached the maximum with T1 treatment,which was significantly higher than that of CK by 9.55%.To sum up,moderate water deficit could promote soil enzyme activity to a certain extent,and further affected soil microenvironment,so as to achieve the purpose of saving water and increasing production.

关 键 词：大豆 水分亏缺 土壤酶 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S154.2S154.3