垄高与有机肥施用比例对烤烟根系生长及上部烟叶质量的影响  

Effects of Ridging Height and Ratio of Organic Fertilizer on Root Growth and Quality of Upper Tobacco Leaves

作　　者：谢晋[1] 李谨成[1] 梁增发 黄浩[1] 张玺[1] 高仁吉[1] 金保锋[1] 曾繁东[1] 卢志伟 蔡一霞[3] 王维[3] Xie Jin;Li Jincheng;Liang Zengfa;Huang Hao;Zhang Xi;Gao Renji;Jin Baofeng;Zeng Fandong;Lu Zhiwei;Cai Yixia;Wang Wei(China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510610,Guangdong,China;China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550000,Guizhou,China;South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广东中烟工业有限责任公司,广东广州510610 [2]贵州中烟工业有限责任公司,贵州贵阳550000 [3]华南农业大学,广东广州510640

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第2期165-171,共7页Crops

基　　金：广东中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(2021440000340011)。

摘　　要：采用大田试验研究不同起垄高度与有机肥施用比例对普洱烟区植烟土壤温湿度、烟株根系、烤后上部烟质量的影响。结果表明,烟株生长前期垄体温湿度主要受起垄高度影响,土壤温度随起垄高度的升高而升高,相对含水率呈下降趋势,生长后期则以有机肥比例影响为主,其与土壤温湿度呈正相关;团棵期随起垄高度增高,有机肥比例减小,根系活力增强,根系干物质积累量增多,旺长期以30 cm起垄高度和50%有机肥比例处理更有利于增强根系活力和增加根系干物质积累量;30 cm起垄高度和50%有机肥比例处理的烤后烟叶糖碱比和氮碱比更接近优质烟叶要求比值。综合分析认为,30 cm垄高配合50%有机肥+50%无机肥可改善植烟土壤的温度与湿度,促进烟株根系生长发育并维持其活力,同时改善烤后上部烟叶的化学成分协调性,提升其综合品质。To investigate the optimal ridging height and organic fertilizer application ratio in the Pu'er tobacco area,a field experiment was conducted to examine effects of different ridging heights and organic fertilizer application ratios on soil temperature and humidity,the tobacco root system,and the quality of upper tobacco post-flue-curing.The results showed that,the temperature and humidity of the ridge in the early stage of tobacco growth was mainly affected by the ridge height,with the higher the ridge height,the soil temperature shown rise,the relative water content shown downward trend,and in the later stage of growth,it was mainly affected by the proportion of organic fertilizer,which was positively correlated with soil temperature and humidity.In the resettling stage,with the higher of the ridge height,the little proportion of organic fertilizer,the root activity shown stronger,and the dry matter accumulation of root was increased.30 cm ridging height and 50%organic fertilizer ratio treatment in boom period were good to enhance root activity and increase dry matter accumulation of root.The level of sugar-alkali ratio and nitrogen-alkali ratio of flue-cured tobacco leaves treated with 30 cm ridging height and 50%organic fertilizer ratio were closer to the required ratio of high-quality tobacco leaves.Comprehensive analysis showed that 30 cm ridge height combined with 50%organic fertilizer+50%inorganic fertilizer can improve the temperature and humidity of tobacco soil,promote the growth and development of roots and maintain its vitality,and improve the chemical composition coordination and comprehensive quality of flue-cured upper tobacco leaves.

关 键 词：起垄高度 有机肥比例 土壤温湿度 烟株根系 烟叶质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]