磷肥运筹对机插双季稻产量构成与养分吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Phosphate Fertilizer Management on Yield Components and Nutrient Uptake and Utilization in Mechanical Transplanting Double-Cropping Rice

作　　者：肖敏[1] 郭浪 崔璨 程周琦 刘玉午 卓乐 吴思 易镇邪[1] Xiao Min;Guo Lang;Cui Can;Cheng Zhouqi;Liu Yuwu;Zhuo Le;Wu Si;Yi Zhenxie(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第2期178-188,共11页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1401105,2018YFD0301005)。

摘　　要：为探究磷肥运筹对双季稻产量与氮、磷、钾素吸收利用的影响,以湘早籼45号(早稻)和泰优553(晚稻)为材料,在3个施磷(P_(2)O_(5))水平(P45:45 kg/hm^(2);P75:75 kg/hm^(2);P105:105 kg/hm^(2))与2个施用时期(全基肥,S1;基肥:穗肥=2:1,S2)下开展机插试验。结果表明,施磷量增大可提高水稻干物质积累量,并且对产量及其构成因素影响显著,但施用时期无显著影响。施磷量与施用时期对产量具有一定的互作效应,早、晚稻产量均以P75处理显著较高,早稻以P75S1处理最高,而晚稻以P75S2处理最高。随施磷量增大,早、晚稻磷素吸收效率与磷肥利用率显著降低,氮、钾素吸收量与吸收效率显著增大,但氮、钾素利用效率显著降低,而氮、钾肥偏生产力表现先增大后减小趋势,以P75处理最高。早稻氮、磷、钾吸收与利用效率一般以S1处理较大,而晚稻表现相反。可见合理施用磷肥可显著提高水稻产量和养分吸收利用效率,以施磷75 kg/hm^(2)表现最好,由于早季磷肥施用会明显增加晚季土壤有效磷含量,早稻以一次性基施为宜,而晚稻以基肥:穗肥=2:1为宜。In order to investigate the effects of P fertilizer management on the yield and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake and utilization of double-cropping rice,Xiangzaoxian 45(early rice)and Taiyou 553(late rice)were used as materials to carry out the machine planting test under three phosphorus application levels(45 kg/ha,P45;75 kg/ha P75;105 kg/ha,P105)and two application periods(S1:full base fertilizer;S2:basal fertilizer:ear fertilizer=2:1).The results showed that the increase of P application rate could increase the dry matter accumulation of rice and significantly affect the yield and its components,but the application period had no significant effect.There was a certain interaction effect between P application rate and application period,and the yield of early and late rice were significantly higher under P75 treatment,the highest in early rice was P75S1 treatment,and the highest in late rice was P75S2 treatment.With the increase of phosphorus application rate,phosphorus absorption efficiency and utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer decreased significantly,nitrogen and potassium absorption and absorption efficiency increased significantly in early and late rice,but nitrogen and potassium utilization efficiency decreased significantly,while partial productivity of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer increased first and then decreased,and P75 treatment was the highest.Nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption efficiency of S1 treatment were significantly higher in early rice,while it was opposite in late rice.It can be seen that rational application of P fertilizer can significantly improve rice yield and nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency,and the effect of 75 kg/ha P fertilizer application was the best.Application of phosphorus fertilizer in early season will significantly increase the available phosphorus content in late season soil,so it is better to apply single base fertilizer in early rice,while it is better to apply base fertilizer:ear fertilizer=2:1 in late rice.

关 键 词：双季稻 磷肥运筹 产量构成 养分吸收利用 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]