栽植密度对杂交杏李光合特性及果实品质的影响  

Effect of planting density on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of hybrid Prunus simonii

作　　者：王如月 罗莎莎 甄紫怡 虎海防 WANG Ruyue;LUO Shasha;ZHEN Ziyi;HU Haifang(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;National Long Term Research Base of Jiamu Fruit Science,Aksu 843100,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences,Urumqi 830062,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆佳木果树学国家长期科研基地,新疆阿克苏843100 [3]新疆林业科学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830062

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第1期232-246,共15页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(ZYYD2022B15);中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(新〔2023〕TG04号)。

摘　　要：【目的】为杏李产业健康发展提供参考。【方法】选择5~6年生杏李树为研究对象,设置杏李栽植中常见3种栽植密度(4 m×3 m、4 m×5 m、2 m×5 m),在新疆阿克苏地区温宿县进行试验。采用方差分析和主成分分析方法,研究栽植密度与杏李光合特性、产量及果实品质的关系,筛选适宜的栽植密度。【结果】在不同物候期,不同栽植密度杏李叶片的净光合速率、胞间CO_(2)浓度及蒸腾速率的变化趋势相似,均在果实转色期达到峰值,在成熟期缓慢下降;气孔导度的变化趋势不明显;3种栽植密度杏李叶片的光合日变化均为双峰曲线,有明显的“光合午休”现象。各栽植密度杏李叶片的叶绿素总含量由高到低依次为4 m×3 m、2 m×5 m、4 m×5 m,树冠外围叶片的叶绿素总含量高于内膛叶片,且差异显著;叶绿素a与叶绿素b的含量比值由高到低依次为4 m×5 m、2 m×5 m、4 m×3 m,且树冠内膛叶片叶绿素a与叶绿素b的含量比值高于外围叶片。说明在弱光环境下叶片通过增加叶绿素含量充分利用光能。各栽植密度杏李叶片的PSⅡ最大光能转化效率(F_(v)/Fm)和最大光能转化潜力(F_(v)/F_(o))由高到低依次均为4 m×3 m、4 m×5 m、2 m×5 m,4 m×3 m栽植密度杏李叶片未受到光抑制。4 m×3 m栽植密度杏李果实的可滴定酸含量较低,为366.5 mg/kg,各栽植密度按照维生素C、纤维素、钙、钾、可溶性糖及总果胶的含量的树冠内膛和外围均值从高到低排列均为4 m×3 m、2 m×5 m、4 m×5 m,4 m×3 m栽植密度杏李果实品质较好,其含量分别为5.70μg/g、13.77 mg/mg、0.40μg/mL、0.36 mg/L、6.76 mg/g、1.51 mg/g。不同栽植密度果实品质的综合排名由优到劣依次为4 m×3 m(外围)、2 m×5 m(外围)、4 m×5 m(外围)、4 m×3 m(内膛)、2 m×5 m(内膛)、4 m×5 m(内膛)。【结论】在光合能力、叶绿素含量、光能转化效率和果实产量及品质等方面,4 m×3 m栽植密度均比�【Objective】Provide reference for the healthy development of the Prunus simonii industry.【Method】The 5-or 6-year-old P.simonii trees were selected as the research object with three common planting densities(4 m×3 m,4 m×5 m,2 m×5 m)in Wensu county,Aksu prefecture,Xinjiang.The relationship between planting density and photosynthetic characteristics,yield,and fruit quality was studies by using variance analysis and principal component analysis methods to select the appropriate planting density.【Result】Different planting densities had similar trends in net photosynthetic rate,inter-cellular CO_(2)concentration and leaf transpiration rate during different phenological stages,and all of them peaked at the fruit color change stage under the influence of density planting and slowly decreased during ripening,and the trend of stomatal conductance change was not significant;the daily photosynthetic changes of three planting densities all showed bimodal curves,with the obvious phenomenon of“photosynthetic lunch break”.The total chlorophyll content of the leaves at different planting densities was 4 m×3 m,2 m×5 m and 4 m×5 m in a descending order,and the total chlorophyll content of the outer leaves of the tree crown was higher than that of the inner leaves,with significant differences;The ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b content was 4 m×5 m,2 m×5 m and 4 m×3 m from high to low,and the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b content in the inner leaves of the tree crown was higher than that in the outer leaves.This indicated that leaves fully utilize light energy by increasing chlorophyll content in low light environments;The fruit quality was decreased with the planting density of 4 m×3 m,2 m×5 m,4 m×5 m and 4 m×3 m in the inner and outer crown of the tree based on the mean values of vitamin C,cellulose,calcium,potassium,soluble sugar,and total pectin,which was the content of 5.70μg/g,13.77 mg/mg,0.40μg/mL,0.36 mg/L,6.76 mg/g and 1.51 mg/g respectively.The comprehensive ranking of fruit q

关 键 词：杏李 栽植密度 光合特性 果实产量 品质 

分 类 号：S662[农业科学—果树学]