李园杂草管理方式对土壤细菌群落和生态功能的影响  

Effects of weed management methods on the soil bacterial communities and ecological function in plum orchard

作　　者：罗昌国[1] 袁启凤[1] 陈守一[1] 田晓慧 LUO Changguo;YUAN Qifeng;CHEN Shouyi;TIAN Xiaohui(Fruit Science Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院果树科学研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《经济林研究》2024年第1期304-316,共13页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑项目(黔科合支撑〔2020〕1Y028号,黔科合支撑〔2019〕2265号)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析不同杂草管理方式对位于国家重点生态功能县的李园细菌群落结构和生态功能的影响,为李园土壤健康管理提供参考。【方法】以自然生草、人工生草、除草剂除草的李园和邻近天然槲栎次生林土壤为研究对象,提取土壤细菌DNA,对其ITS基因进行扩增,采用高通量测序和功能预测的方法研究细菌的多样性、群落结构及生态功能。【结果】不同处理OTU数量为2012~3522,细菌种类33门、108纲、242目、383科、667属。绿弯菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门和酸杆菌门为主要门类,在各处理中4个门的总丰度达到80%以上。多样性分析显示,天然林Ace和Chao指数显著低于李园的3个处理。群落组成和差异分析显示,天然林土壤酸杆菌优势比较大,病害细菌少,并有少量的有益细菌蛭弧菌;李园的鞘脂单胞菌相关病害的风险大,生草可在一定程度上提高芽孢杆菌等有益细菌的丰度,尤其自然生草比较明显。人工生草还有利于提高李园细菌的多样性,尤其是芽单胞菌的富集比较明显。使用除草剂的李园则主要富集了绿弯菌门的种类,而降低了苔藓杆菌的丰度。功能预测分析显示,土壤细菌新陈代谢最活跃,主要包括碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸代谢等,涉及化能异养、纤维素分解、固氮作用等功能。与其他处理比较,人工生草李园土壤硝酸还原功能较强、天然林土壤的木质素分解功能较强、除草剂处理的李园土壤甲基营养功能较强。【结论】天然林Ace和Chao指数显著低于李园,表现为土壤酸杆菌优势明显。不同杂草管理方式对李园土壤细菌群落结构和功能的影响较大,生草有利于李园有益细菌群落的建立。【Objective】By analyzing the impact of different weed management methods on bacterial communities structure and ecological functions in plum orchards located in national key ecological county,the soil health management was provided.【Method】The soil bacterium DNA was extracted from plum orchards with natural-grass-covered,artificial-grass-covered,and herbicide treatments in different soil management and its adjacent secondary natural forest soils,then ITS genes were amplified,high-throughput gene sequencing and functional prediction were analyzed in bacterial diversity,communities structure and ecological functions.【Result】The number of OUT(operational taxonomic unit)in different treatments of soil ranged from 2012 to 3522,which belonged to 33 phyla,108 classes,242 orders,383 families and 667 genera.Chloroflexi,Actinobacteriota,Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota were the main phylum,which above 80%of relative abundance in different treatments.The analyzing of bacterial diversity showed that Ace and Chao indexes of natural forest treatment were significant lower than 3 treatments of plum orchards.The analyzing of communities structure and different groups of soil bacterial showed that it was more abundance of Acidobacteriota,less disease bacteria,and a small abundance of Bdellovibrionia in natural forest soil.The disease related of Sphingomonadaceae was much more risk in plum orchards,then growing grass could to some extent increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus,especially in natural-grass-covered.Artificial-grass-covered was beneficial for improving the diversity of bacteria in plum orchards,especially the enrichment of Gemmatimonadetes.The use of herbicide in plum orchard mainly enriched the species of Chloroflexi,but reduced the relative abundances of Bryobacteraceae and Bryobacter.Function prediction analysis showed that the most active was metabolism,mainly including carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism,involving chemoheterotrophy,cellulolysis,nitrogen_fixation a

关 键 词：果园 杂草管理 土壤健康 细菌多样性 群落结构 生态功能 

分 类 号：S662.3[农业科学—果树学]