热/冷喷涂典型抗空蚀涂层结构与性能研究  

Microstructure and Performance of Typical Anti-Cavitation Coatings Prepared by Thermal and Cold Spraying

作　　者：刘伟杰 武三栓 何春艳 褚欣 刘敏 张楠楠[1] 谢迎春 LIU Weijie;WU Sanshuan;HE Chunyan;CHU Xin;LIU Min;ZHANG Nannan;XIE Yingchun(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,China;Institute of New Materials,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,National Engineering Laboratory of Modern Materials Surface Engineering Technology,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Surface Engineering Technology,Guangzhou 510651,China;AECC South Industry Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou 412002,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳工业大学材料科学与工程学院,辽宁沈阳110870 [2]广东省科学院新材料研究所现代材料表面工程技术国家工程实验室广东省现代表面工程技术重点实验室,广东广州510651 [3]中国航发南方工业有限公司,湖南株洲412002

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2024年第4期281-289,300,共10页Materials China

基　　金：中法政府间科技合作项目国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE0108000);广东省特支计划项目(2019BT02C629);广东省科学院打造综合产业技术创新中心专项(2022GDA SZH-2022010107);广东省科学院发展专项资金资助项目(2022GDASZH-2022010203-003);航空发动机及燃气轮机基础科学中心项目(P2022-B-IV-011-001);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B0101330001)。

摘　　要：冷喷涂作为近年来兴起的涂层固态沉积技术,所制备的涂层具有高结合强度、高硬度、无氧化夹杂等优点,在过流器械表面的空蚀损伤防护方面极具应用潜力。采用冷喷涂技术,在40Cr钢基体表面制备了高致密的CuAl9Fe1铝青铜抗空蚀涂层,利用光镜/扫描电镜、显微硬度计、超声波空蚀试验机、三维轮廓仪等设备,表征了涂层的微观结构、力学性能及抗空蚀性能,分析了涂层的空蚀破坏形貌及机理,并与超音速火焰(high-velocity oxygen-fuel,HVOF)喷涂制备的WC类典型抗空蚀涂层(WC-Co-Cr和WC-Cr_(2)C_(3)-Ni)进行了对比。结果表明,冷喷涂CuAl9Fe1涂层的平均孔隙率为1.4%,平均显微硬度为3126 MPa,平均结合强度为32.3 MPa,空蚀6 h的空蚀深度为4.988μm;与之相比,HVOF喷涂的WC-Co-Cr和WC-Cr_(2)C_(3)-Ni涂层的平均孔隙率分别为0.7%和1.6%,平均显微硬度分别为10 065和10 094 MPa,平均结合强度分别为84.2和73.5 MPa,空蚀6 h的空蚀深度分别为11.901和10.645μm。冷喷涂CuAl9Fe1涂层虽硬度较低,但塑韧性较好,可有效抑制空蚀过程中颗粒结合界面的裂纹萌生、扩展导致的颗粒脱落,因此相比HVOF制备的WC类涂层具有更高的抗空蚀性能。Cold spraying,as a newly emerging coatings metal deposition technology,has many advantages,such as high bonding strength,high hardness,and low oxide inclusions,thus exhibiting significant application potential in protective coatings of overcurrent devices for cavitation damage.In this study,highly dense CuAl9Fe1 aluminum bronze coatings were deposited on the surface of the 40Cr steel substrate by cold spraying.Using techniques such as optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,microhardness indenter,supersonic cavitation tester,and 3D profilometer,the coating microstructure,mechanical properties and cavitation performances were systematically studied,and the coating cavitation morphologies and cavitation mechanisms were analyzed.The cold sprayed CuAl9Fe1 coatings were also compared with HVOF sprayed typical WC type anti-cavitation coatings(WC-Co-Cr and WC-Cr_2C_3-Ni).The results show that the average porosity of cold sprayed CuAl9Fe1 coating is 1.4%,the average micro-hardness is 3126 MPa,the average bonding strength is 32.3 MPa,and the depth of erosion after 6 h cavitation is 4.988 μm;as a comparison,the average porosities of HVOF sprayed WC-Co-Cr and WC-Cr_2C_3-Ni coatings are 0.7% and 1.6%,the average micro-hardnesses are 10 065 and 10 094 MPa,the average bonding strengths are 84.2 and 73.5 MPa,and the depth of erosion are 11.901 and 10.645 μm,respectively.Although the cold sprayed CuAl9Fe1 coating has lower hardness,its higher plasticity and toughness can effectively suppress the initiation and propagation of cracks at interparticle boundaries during cavitation and particle detachment,therefore,it has better cavitation resistance than WC type coatings prepared by HVOF.

关 键 词：冷喷涂 铝青铜涂层 超音速火焰喷涂 WC基涂层 抗空蚀性能 

分 类 号：TG174.4[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]