中国蔬菜生产体系N_(2)O排放的空间差异及减排措施  

Regional N_(2)O emission differences and the mitigation measurements in the vegetable production systems of China

作　　者：钟东亮 方雪娟 周唯珺 Mohammad Jawad Alami 许肃[2,3] 黄葳 崔胜辉[2,3] 高兵 ZHONG Dong-liang;FANG Xue-juan;ZHOU Wei-jun;Mohammad Jawad Alami;XU Su;HUANG Wei;CUI Sheng-hui;GAO Bing(College of Life Science,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China;Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health,Institute of Urban Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xiamen,Fujian 361021,China;Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism,Xiamen,Fujian 361021,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学生命科学学院,福建福州350002 [2]中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室,福建厦门361021 [3]厦门市城市代谢重点实验室,福建厦门361021 [4]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第3期417-429,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42077013);福建省科技计划中科院STS计划配套项目(2021T3005);中国科学院城市环境研究所“十四五”揭榜挂帅项目(IUE-JBGS-202208)。

摘　　要：[目的]了解中国不同蔬菜种植模式、种植区域和蔬菜类型的N_(2)O-N排放系数及不同减排措施对N2O排放和蔬菜产量的综合影响,以减少区域和全国蔬菜体系N2O排放清单估算的不确定性。[方法]检索收集关于中国菜地N_(2)O排放及减排研究论文的田间观测数据,基于数据整合分析方法,系统分析不同蔬菜生产区和不同蔬菜类型在设施和露地两种栽培模式下的排放系数,及不同管理措施对土壤N_(2)O减排潜力和产量的影响。[结果]华北、西北、长江中下游、西南和华南露地蔬菜土壤N2O-N排放系数分别为1.27%、0.83%、1.20%、1.54%和5.57%,全国平均为1.23%,华南是西北地区的6.7倍。华北、西北、长江中下游设施蔬菜N_(2)O-N排放系数分别为0.99%、0.65%、1.13%,全国平均为0.88%。露地种植模式下,叶菜类、茄果类、块茎类和根类蔬菜菜田N_(2)O-N排放系数分别为1.72%、1.03%、0.92%和1.28%;设施种植模式下,叶菜类、茄果类、块茎类菜田的N_(2)O-N排放系数分别为0.44%、0.95%和0.41%。减氮施肥、施用生物炭、优化灌溉和施用硝化抑制剂与常规施肥相比,N_(2)O分别减排41.3%、29.1%、37.4%和27.9%。相比单一减排措施,优化灌溉和减氮施肥、硝化抑制剂和减氮施肥组合措施的N_(2)O减排效果可达45.8%~57.3%。不同硝化抑制剂的N_(2)O减排效果相当(26.5%~29.7%)。当生物炭施用量为≤10、10~20、20~30、30~40 t/hm时,N_(2)O可分别减排31.7%、24.3%、38.0%、26.8%。相比于常规管理措施,氮肥投入量减少≤20%、20%~30%、30%~40%、40%~50%、>50%时,可分别减少N_(2)O排放量36.9%、37.5%、29.7%、71.3%、39.4%。[结论]中国设施和露地蔬菜N_(2)O-N的排放系数在不同蔬菜产区和蔬菜种类间均存在较大差异,尤其需重视南方亚热带地区一年多熟蔬菜体系N_(2)O排放与减排。依据蔬菜类型制定减排措施的效果较为稳定。单一减施40%~50%氮肥、使用硝化抑制剂、施�[Objectives]We studied the N_(2)O-N emission factors in various vegetable species,cultivation modes,and regions in China,and assessed the effects of widely used measurements on reducing N_(2)O emission.[Methods]Field observation data were collected from research papers focusing on N_(2)O emission and emission reduction in vegetable production areas of China.The emission factors(EF)were calculated according to the vegetable species and production areas under greenhouse and open field conditions,respectively.The effect of managements on reducing soil N_(2)O emission was summarized.The correlation between N_(2)O emission reduction and vegetable yields was calculated as well.[Results]The EFs of open field vegetable production in North China,Northwest China,the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,Southwest China,and South China were 1.27%,0.83%,1.20%,1.54%,and 5.57%,respectively,with an average of 1.23% across the whole country.Notably,the EF in South China was 6.7 times of that in Northwest China.For greenhouse vegetable production,the EFs in North China,Northwest China,and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were 0.99%,0.65%,and 1.13%,with an average of 0.88% across the whole country.Furthermore,the EFs in leafy,fruit,tuber,and root vegetable production were 1.72%,1.03%,0.92%,and 1.28%in open field,and in greenhouse leafy,fruit and tuber vegetable production were 0.44%,0.95%,and 0.41%,respectively.Compared to conventional fertilization methods,N rate reduction,biochar application,optimized irrigation,and nitrification inhibitor application reduced N_(2)O emissions by 41.3%,29.1%,37.4%,and 27.9%,respectively.Combination of optimized irrigation with N rate reduction,and nitrification inhibitor with N rate reduction achieved N_(2)O emission reduction ranging from 45.8%to 57.3%.All the nitrification inhibitors displayed comparable N_(2)O reduction rates of 26.5%to 29.7%.Application of biochar in rates of≤10,10-20,20-30 and 30-40 t/hm^(2) reduced N_(2)O emission by 31.7%,24.3%,38.0%,and 26.8%,re

关 键 词：氧化亚氮排放系数 种植区域 蔬菜类型 减排潜力 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S63[农业科学—蔬菜学]