不同深蓄储水灌溉量对冬小麦磷素利用和磷素下渗流失风险的影响  

Effects of deep storage water irrigation amount on the phosphorus utilization of winter wheat and loss risk down to deep soil

作　　者：庞耀悦 胡笑涛[1] 王芳 查晴 范晓懂 王文娥[1] PANG Yao-yue;HU Xiao-tao;WANG Fang;ZHA Qing;FAN Xiao-dong;WANG Wen-e(Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学/旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第3期493-504,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：陕西水利科技计划项目(2022slkj-6)。

摘　　要：[目的]汛前储水灌溉是陕西关中地区雨洪资源高效利用的重要方式。研究不同深蓄储水灌溉量对农田土壤磷素利用、累积与流失状况的影响,以实现农田的“高”磷吸收和“低”磷淋溶。[方法]在陕西宝鸡峡灌区进行小麦田间试验,供试小麦品种为‘小偃22’。设置储水灌溉量分别为0、80、120、140、160和180 cm,分别记为CK、D80、D120、D140、D160、D180,共6个处理。在小麦拔节期、开花期和成熟期,测定冬小麦植株各营养器官生物量、磷素含量及农田0—200 cm土层土壤速效磷含量,计算冬小麦吸磷量、磷肥利用效率和磷素盈亏。[结果]与CK处理相比,D80、D120、D140、D160、D180处理冬小麦产量分别提高了8.85%、24.71%、30.99%、17.91%、9.90%,成熟期籽粒磷素累积量分别提高了37.55%、46.34%、38.09%、28.23%、22.11%,小麦植株磷素吸收效率分别增加10.10%、12.47%、10.25%、7.59%、5.95%,有效磷表观盈余量分别降低了13.82%、17.05%、14.02%、10.39%、8.13%。随着储水灌溉量的增加,成熟期小麦植株磷素累积量呈先增加后降低的趋势,以D120处理磷素累积量最高,显著高于D160和D180处理,因此其磷素表观盈余量最低(78.83 kg/hm^(2)),显著低于D160、D180处理。D120处理相较D160和D180有助于小麦花前磷素转运和花后磷素累积;D80处理相较D120处理小麦花前磷素转运有所降低,但在花后磷素累积上表现出补偿作用;D140处理虽然降低了花后的磷素累积,但通过提高花前磷素转运实现了平衡。值得注意的是,D80、D120和D140处理之间的成熟期植株磷素累积量与籽粒磷素累积量差异不显著。另外,由于土壤中20-100 cm土层速效磷含量远低于该地磷素淋溶的环境阈值(39.9 mg/kg),尽管存在高水平的磷盈余,在适宜储水灌溉量下也不会引发磷淋失。然而,当储水深度大于160 cm时,对深层土壤中速效磷产生了明显的影响,导致土壤磷素发生淋失�[Objectives]Deep storage water irrigation before rain season is an efficient utilization way of rainwater and flood resources in central Shaanxi Province.As the potential risks of nutrient leaching,and reduced fertilizer utilization efficiency due to large irrigation water volume,we studied the effect of storage water irrigation volumes on wheat P utilization,apparent P balance,and leaching risks down to deep soil.[Methods]A field experiment on wheat was conducted in the Baojixia Irrigation Area of the Guanzhong Plain(Caoxinzhuang Farm,Yangling Demonstration Zone),with winter wheat cultivar‘Xiaoyan 22’as the test material.The treated storage irrigation water volumes were 0,80,120,140,160,and 180 cm,denoted as CK,D80,D120,D140,D160,and D180,respectively.The biomass and P contents in various organs of winter wheat were analyzed for the calculation of wheat phosphorus uptake,phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency,and apparent P surplus.The available phosphorus content in 0-200 cm soil layers were measured for the assessment of P leaching down to deep soil.[Results]Compared with CK,treatment D80,D120,D140,D160,and D180 increased winter wheat yield by 8.85%,24.71%,30.99%,17.91%,and 9.90%,increased the grain P accumulation at maturity stage by 37.55%,46.34%,38.09%,28.23%,and 22.11%,enhanced phosphorus absorption efficiency of wheat plants by 10.10%,12.47%,10.25%,7.59%,5.95%,and decreased phosphorus apparent surplus by 13.82%,17.05%,14.02%,10.39%,and 8.13%,respectively.With the increase of water storage irrigation volume,the P accumulation in wheat showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,reaching the highest value at D120.And the apparent P surplus showed a trend of declining first and then rising,the lowest P surplus(78.83 kg/hm^(2))was recorded at D120,which was significantly lower than that at D160 and D180 treatments.Compared with D160 and D180,D120 treatment was more conducive to pre flowering phosphorus transport and post flowering phosphorus assimilation in wheat.D80 treatment showed lowe

关 键 词：储水灌溉深度 磷素利用效率 磷素淋失 磷素盈余 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]