基于缺铁诊断指标筛选的猕猴桃叶片黄化诱因分析  

Analysis of the inducing factors of kiwifruit leaf chlorosis based on selection of diagnostic indicators for iron deficiency

作　　者：王南南 董晓珂 牛友怡 陈元磊 洪蔚金 马百全 袁雨婷 冯亚青 刘占德[1] WANG Nan-nan;DONG Xiao-ke;NIU You-yi;CHEN Yuan-lei;HONG Wei-jin;MA Bai-quan;YUAN Yu-ting;FENG Ya-qing;LIU Zhan-de(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2024年第3期550-562,共13页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022NY-107);西北农林科技大学试验示范站(基地)科技创新与成果转化项目(TGZX2021-28);国家柑橘产业技术体系猕猴桃西安综合试验站项目(CARS-26)。

摘　　要：[目的]筛选适宜的缺铁诊断指标,据此分析导致陕西关中地区猕猴桃园叶片黄化的主要因子,并利用施肥矫治试验对该因子进行验证,为猕猴桃叶片黄化防控提供理论依据。[方法]在陕西关中地区,依据叶片黄化后土施Fe-EDDHA可以复绿确定了3个缺铁猕猴桃果园,采集当年强旺营养枝顶端第2~3个叶片,共采集不同黄化度叶片64份,缺铁叶片样品的黄化度以SPAD值表征,将SPAD值与5个缺铁诊断指标进行相关分析。在关中地区选择5个健康果园、80个出现不同程度黄化症状的猕猴桃果园,采集叶片样品,将黄化果园叶片按照黄化程度分为绿叶、轻度黄化叶和重度黄化叶,测定12种元素、活性铁和硝态氮含量及SPAD值,并将其与SPAD值进行相关分析。在85个果园各采集1份土壤样品,分析其基础理化性状。选择两个黄化果园进行施肥矫治效果验证。[结果]64份缺铁黄化叶片中,鲜样邻二氮菲浸提铁与其SPAD值的相关性明显高于干样全铁、0.1 mol/L盐酸浸提铁、1 mol/L盐酸浸提铁和鲜样1 mol/L盐酸浸提铁,说明鲜样邻二氮菲浸提铁最适于猕猴桃缺铁的黄化诊断。健康园绿叶和黄化园绿叶中所测的12种元素、活性铁和硝态氮含量均无显著差异。SPAD和邻二氮菲浸提铁含量的顺序为黄化园绿叶>轻度黄化叶>重度黄化叶,而叶片硝态氮、磷、钾和硼含量则相反。轻度和重度黄化叶钙、全铁和锰含量低于绿叶。相关分析表明,猕猴桃叶片SPAD与叶片邻二氮菲浸提铁、全铁、锰和钙含量正相关,而与叶片钾、磷、硝态氮、全氮、硼、铜等含量负相关。随机森林和通径分析进一步表明,与猕猴桃叶片黄化关系最密切的指标为邻二氮菲浸提铁、钾及硝态氮。线性加平台函数拟合表明,邻二氮菲浸提铁5.084 mg/kg是猕猴桃叶片缺铁黄化诊断的临界值。土壤分析结果表明,黄化园土壤pH和碳酸氢根含量均偏高,而速�[Objectives]Appropriate indicator for iron(Fe)deficiency diagnosis was selected.Based on this,the main factors causing kiwifruit leaf chlorosis in central Shaanxi Province were analyzed and verified using a fertilizer trial,which will provide a theoretical basis for preventing and controlling kiwifruit leaf chlorosis.[Methods]In central Shaanxi Province,three Fe-deficient kiwifruit orchards were identified through chlorotic leaf re-greening after Fe-EDDHA soil application.Sixty-four leaf samples with different chlorosis degrees were collected from the second and third fully expanded leaves at the top of the currently and vigorously vegetative shoots in these Fe-deficient orchards.The SPAD values of these leaf samples were correlated with five Fe-deficiency-diagnosis indicators.Moreover,five healthy and eighty chlorotic kiwifruit orchards in central Shaanxi Province were selected to sample leaves with different chlorosis degrees(green,slightly chlorotic,and severely chlorotic),for determining twelve elements,active Fe,nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N)and SPAD values,and correlated these elements with SPAD values.Eighty-five soil samples were collected for analyzing physical and chemical properties.Additionally,fertilizer trial in two chlorotic orchards was performed to test the correction of leaf and soil analyses.[Results]In 64 Fe-deficient leaf samples,the correlation coefficient of leaf SPAD and phenanthroline Fe extracted from fresh samples was considerably higher than those of total Fe,0.1 mol/L HCl Fe,and 1 mol/L HCl Fe,which were extracted from dry leaf samples,as well as 1 mol/L HCl Fe extracted from fresh leaf samples,indicating that phenanthroline-extractable Fe may be a better indicator for kiwifruit Fe deficiency diagnosis.No difference was found in contents of twelve elements,active Fe and NO_(3)^(-)-N between green leaves of healthy and chlorotic kiwifruit orchards.The descending order of leaf SPAD and phenanthroline-extractable Fe concentration was green leaf in chlorotic orchard>slightly chlorotic lea

关 键 词：猕猴桃 缺铁黄化 缺铁诊断 邻二氮菲浸提铁 叶片养分 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S436.634[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]