西藏阿里札达县芒扎石窟壁画辨析与年代新考  

A Study on the Murals of the Mangdza Grottoes in Dzada County of Ngari Prefecture in Tibet,China Dorje Rinchen

作　　者：多杰仁青 Dorje Rinchen(School of Archaeology and Museology,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610065)

机构地区：[1]四川大学考古文博学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《西藏大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期29-39,共11页Journal of Tibet University

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“西藏阿里后弘期初的佛教遗存与多民族交融研究”阶段性成果,项目号:19ZDA177。

摘　　要：芒扎石窟于1994年由汉藏考古学家共同发现,是西藏阿里地区发现的首个具有明确纪年的礼拜窟。窟内有保存相对良好的壁画和建窟题记,其中反映的信息是断代西藏西部壁画的重要标杆。由于条件限制,在石窟发现初期,考古队对其建窟题记仅作了简单的翻译,未对壁画和题记内容进行深入研究。文章首先通过逐一辨识和分析芒扎石窟的壁画图像,翻译和释读题记内容,推断该窟应凿建于古格王赤·南喀旺波平措德时期的火猪年(1467年),壁画风格为当时在阿里地区并不占主流的尼泊尔画风;其次,窟中出现的药师七佛壁画题材在阿里地区十分盛行,这与吐蕃王室后裔的药师佛信仰密切相关;再次,东壁中出现的师承像属于希解派冈·益西坚赞的上传支系传承。以上发现不仅可以作为断代西藏西部壁画的参照依据,还有力证明了希解派于15世纪中后期在阿里地区传播和发展的史实,为西藏西部宗教与艺术文化互相交融的历史提供了重要实证。The Mangdza Grottoes,jointly discovered by Han-Chinese and Tibetan archaeologists in 1994,are the first grottoes of worship with a clear date found in Ngari Prefecture of Tibet.There are relatively well-preserved murals and inscriptions on the construction of the grottoes,and the information reflected in them is an important benchmark for the mural paintings in western Tibet.Due to the limited conditions,in the early days of the discov-ery of the grottoes,the archaeological team only made a simple translation of the inscriptions of the construction of the grottoes,instead of carrying out an in-depth study of the murals and the content of the inscriptions.After having identified and analyzed every mural images in the Mangdza Grottoes,translated and interpreted the con-tent of the inscriptions,the article concludes that the grottoes should have been built in the Year of the Fire Pig(i.e.,1467)during the period of Gugu King Tri·Nangkha Wangpo Puntsok,and the murals'painting style was Ne-pali painting style which did not dominate in Ngari area at that time,and the images of a master and his disci-ples on the east walls belongs to the branch lineage of Gang·Yeshe Gyetsen of the Shije Sect.This discovery not only can be used as a reference for dating the mural paintings in western Tibet,but also strongly proves the his-torical fact that the Shije Sect's development in Ngari area in the middle and late 15th century,providing impor-tant evidence for the history of the integration of the religions and art culture of western Tibet.

关 键 词：阿里芒扎石窟 赤·南喀旺波平措德 希解派 药师七佛 

分 类 号：K879.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]