生态屏障建设与农牧民可持续生计资本积累的互促研究——以《规划》在西藏农牧社区的实施为例  

A Study on Mutual Promotion of Ecological Shelter Construction and Sustainable Livelihood Capital Accumulation of Farmers and Herders——Taking the implementation of the plan in Tibetan farming

作　　者：罗绒战堆 艾意欣 胡文政 Lorong Dradul;AI Yixin;HU Wenzheng(School of Public Administration,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan,610064;School of International Studies,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan,610064)

机构地区：[1]四川大学公共管理学院,四川成都610064 [2]四川大学国际关系学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《西藏大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第1期158-166,共9页Journal of Tibet University

基　　金：2023年度四川大学中国式现代化研究院一般项目“西部边疆中国式现代化的内涵及实践路径研究”(项目号:XD⁃HYJ2023-05);2021年度四川大学“从0到1”重点项目“西藏农牧区的社会发育滞后问题及其对民族交流交往交融的影响研究”(项目号:2021CXC04)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以《西藏生态安全屏障保护与建设规划》的实施为线索,基于田野调查第一手资料并从可持续生计资本的视角,从以下几点探析了《规划》实施对西藏农牧区环境改善与农牧民生计资本积累的影响。其一,通过法制建设、生态保护与治理工程以及农村生活能源的替代,有效遏制农牧民生计对自然资本的过度索取。其二,统筹生态治理与贫困治理,尤其是通过给予贫困农户生计角色转换的机会,减轻农牧户对自然资本的过度依赖。其三,对农牧民因生态安全屏障建设而造成的生计损益进行补偿。上述措施大幅提升了农牧民可持续资本的积累,为西藏生态环境的持续改善提供了动力。研究认为,西藏之所以能通过《规划》实施,将生态安全屏障建设与生计改善两难全的事业共同推向成功,新中国的制度理念和制度优势发挥了重要作用,不仅引领了《规划》的实施并为其提供了充足的财力,而且为农牧民增加绿色收入营造了良好的外部环境。Tibetan farmers and herdsmen's rough management and excessive demand of natural resources once led to prominent environmental problems such as local grassland degradation,decline in forest cover and sharp de-cline of wildlife populations.Based on first-hand data from field surveys,from the perspective of sustainable liveli-hood capital,this paper analyzes the impact of the implementation of the Plan for the Ecological Safety Barrier Pro-tection and Improvement in Tibet on environmental improvement and livelihood capital accumulation of Tibetan farmers and herders from the following points:firstly,through the construction of the legal system,ecological pro-tection and treatment projects,and the substitution of rural household energy,the excessive demand for natural capital by farmers and herdsmen's livelihoods is effectively curbed.Secondly,it is necessary to reduce the exces-sive dependence of the farmers and herders on natural capital by integrating ecological and poverty management,especially by giving poor farmers and herders the opportunities to change their livelihoods.Thirdly,it is also essen-tial to compensate the farmers and herders for their loss of their livelihoods due to the construction of ecological se-curity barriers.The measures mentioned above have significantly enhanced the accumulation of sustainable capi-tal for the farmers and herders and provided impetus for the continuous improvement of Tibet's ecological environ-ment.This paper argues that the institutional concept and institutional advantages of the new China have played an important role in the success of Tibet's efforts to build ecological security barriers and improve livelihoods through the implementation of the Plan as they not only has provided sufficient financial resources for the Plan,but also created a favorable external environment for the farmers and herders to increase their green income.

关 键 词：生态屏障 西藏农牧民 生计改善 《西藏生态安全屏障保护与建设规划》 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]