玉米秸秆还田形态对棕壤性土土壤肥力及烤烟产量品质的影响  

Effects of maize straw return morphology on soil fertility and flue-cured tobacco yield and quality

作　　者：肖鑫 况帅[1] 王滨 宗浩 高强 徐艳丽 董建新[1] 翟振 丛萍 XIAO Xin;KUANG Shuai;WANG Bin;ZONG Hao;GAO Qiang;XU Yan-li;DONG Jian-xin;ZHAI Zhen;CONG Ping(Institute of Tobacco Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao Tobacco Resources and Environment Feild Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao Shandong 266101;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Shandong Linyi Tobacco Co.Ltd.,Linyi Shandong 276000;Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute,China National Tobacco Corporation,Zhengzhou Henan 450001)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,农业农村部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,中国农业科学院青岛烟草资源与环境野外科学观测实验站,山东青岛266101 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]山东临沂烟草有限公司,山东临沂276000 [4]中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第2期42-50,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021QD036);山东临沂烟草有限公司技术开发项目(2021371300260162);中国烟草总公司山东省公司重点科技项目(201910);中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院青年托举项目(112020CR0250)。

摘　　要：为探究不同形态秸秆还田对棕壤性土植烟土壤肥力的影响效应,以不施秸秆为对照(CK),设置玉米秸秆粉碎1 cm(FS1)、粉碎5 cm(FS5)、粉碎10 cm(FS10)和秸秆粉末1 mm(FM)4种形态的秸秆还田试验,表征0~20 cm土层土壤物理性质、养分状况以及土壤酶活性,并综合评价土壤肥力质量以及烤烟产质量。两年试验结果表明,(1)与CK相比,秸秆还田处理均能改善土壤物理性状,可降低土壤容重2.88%~10.99%,提高田间持水量5.96%~34.02%,降低土层平均穿透阻力19.17%~25.87%,以FS5处理的降低或提升效果最显著(P<0.05);(2)不同形态秸秆还田对土壤碳氮的提升具有差异,FS5和FM处理能较CK显著增加土壤总有机碳含量74.08%和44.84%(P<0.05),FS1、FS5和FS10处理分别显著增加微生物量碳含量80.79%、125.31%和70.39%(P<0.05),以FS5处理增加量最高,同时能分别提升土壤全氮、碳氮比和硝态氮含量34.40%、20.22%和749.06%(P<0.05);(3)与CK相比,不同形态秸秆还田分别显著提升土壤蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性52.40%~222.39%和6.19%~26.88%,以FS5处理的提升幅度最高(P<0.05);(4)土壤肥力评价结果表明,FS5处理综合质量得分最高(0.72),可作为提升棕壤性土植烟土壤肥力的有效秸秆形态,其中,土壤硝态氮、土壤微生物量碳和纤维素酶是影响土壤肥力的关键因子;(5)FS1和FS5处理可增加烤后烟产量8.46%~23.34%。综上所述,不同秸秆还田形态在短期内可改善棕壤性土植烟土壤的理化性状和酶活性,其中以秸秆粉碎5 cm还田效果较好,可实现土壤综合肥力的快速提升。In order to explore the effects of different forms of straw return on soil fertility of brown loam tobacco planting,an experiment was conducted to characterize the soil physical properties,nutrient status and soil enzyme activities of 0-20 cm soil layer,and comprehensively evaluate the soil fertility quality and flue-cured tobacco yield and quality.Four forms of maize straw returning were set up,including straw crushing 1cm(FS1),straw crushing 5cm(FS5),straw crushing 10 cm(FS10)and straw powder 1 mm(FM),and the no straw application treatment was used as the control(CK).The results of the two-year test showed that:(1)Compared with CK,straw return treatment could improve soil physical properties,reduce soil bulk density by 2.88%-10.99%,increase field water holding capacity by 5.96%-34.02%,reduce the average penetration resistance of soil layer by 19.17%-25.87%,and the effect of FS5 treatment was the most significant(P<0.05).(2)Different straw return forms differed in the enhancement of soil carbon and nitrogen.FS5 and FM treatments significantly increased soil total organic carbon content by 74.08%and 44.84%compared to CK(P<0.05),FS1,FS5 and FS10 treatments significantly increased the microbial biomass carbon content by 80.79%,125.31%and 70.39%(P<0.05),respectively,with the highest increase in FS5 treatment,which could also increase soil total nitrogen,carbon to nitrogen ratio and nitrate nitrogen content by 34.40%,20.22%and 749.06%(P<0.05),respectively.(3)Compared with CK,different straw return forms significantly increased soil sucrase and cellulase activities by 52.40%-222.39%and 6.19%-26.88%(P<0.05),respectively,with the highest increase of FS5 treatment.(4)The results of soil fertility evaluation showed that FS5 treatment had the highest overall quality score(0.72)and could be used as an effective straw form to improve soil fertility of brown loamy planted tobacco,where soil nitrate nitrogen,soil microbial biomass carbon and cellulase were the key factors affecting soil fertility.(5)FS1 and FS5 treatments coul

关 键 词：秸秆还田形态 棕壤性土 烟田 土壤肥力 烤烟产质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S158.3[农业科学—作物学]