生物炭对菠萝连作土壤微生物学特性及其心腐病的影响  

Effects of biochar on soil microbial characteristics of pineapple and the heart rot under continuous cropping

作　　者：覃潇敏 潘浩男 环秀菊 周彩霞 韦巧云 蒋娟娟 郭李怡[2] 郭素云 丁家东 徐健 QIN Xiao-min;PAN Hao-nan;HUAN Xiu-ju;ZHOU Cai-xia;WEI Qiao-yun;JIANG Juan-juan;GUO Li-yi;GUO Su-yun;DING Jia-dong;XU Jian(Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute,Chongzhou Guangxi 532415;Guangxi Institute of Science and Technology Information,Nanning Guangxi 530022)

机构地区：[1]广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西崇左532415 [2]广西科技情报研究所,广西南宁530022

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第2期65-71,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22068096-2);广西创新团队南宁菠萝试验站(nycytxgxcxtd-17-11);广西农业科学院稳定资助科研团队(桂农科2021YT166)。

摘　　要：通过温室盆栽试验,设置0%、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%4个生物炭用量(分别为B_(0)、B_(0.4)、B_(0.8)、B_(1.2)处理),研究不同用量生物炭对菠萝连作土壤理化性质、微生物群落、酶活性及其心腐病发病率的影响。结果表明,与B0处理相比,B_(0.4)、B_(0.8)和B_(1.2)处理的菠萝连作土壤pH分别显著升高0.15、0.33和0.21;土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾及有机质含量均显著增加,而土壤全磷、全钾含量无明显变化。3个生物炭处理下,土壤微生物量碳含量较B0处理分别显著提高23.14%、57.28%和48.49%,土壤微生物量氮含量分别显著提高53.71%、153.34%和144.24%,而土壤微生物量碳/微生物量氮显著降低。此外,施用生物炭显著增加了菠萝连作土壤细菌与放线菌数量,增强了土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶及纤维素酶活性,而显著降低真菌数量以及菠萝心腐病发病率。因此,生物炭施用能够有效改善菠萝连作土壤,且以0.8%生物炭施用量的效果最佳。A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biochar application on soil physiochemical properties,enzyme activities,microbial communities and the heart rot of pineapple under continuous cropping.Four biochar levels of 0%,0.4%,0.8%,1.2%(remarking as B_(0),B_(0.4),B_(0.8),B_(1.2)treatments,respectively)were set up.The results showed that compared with B0 treatment,the soil pH of B_(0.4),B_(0.8)and B_(1.2)treatments significantly increased by 0.15,0.33 and 0.21,respectively,and the contents of soil total nitrogen,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter increased significantly,while there were no significant increase in the contents of soil total phosphorus and total potassium.Under the B_(0.4),B_(0.8)and B_(1.2)treatments,the content of soil microbial biomass carbon significantly increased by 23.14%,57.28%and 48.49%compared with B_(0)treatment,and the content of soil microbial biomass nitrogen significantly increased by 53.71%,153.34%and 144.24%,respectively,while the soil microbial biomass carbon/microbial biomass nitrogen value significantly decreased.In addition,biochar application significantly increased the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in pineapple continuous cropping soil,and enhanced the activities of soil urease,proteinase,acid phosphatase,catalase,sucrase and cellulase,while significantly reduced the number of fungi and the incidence rate of pineapple heart rot.Therefore,biochar application could effectively improve the pineapple continuous cropping soil,and the optimum results were observed at B_(0.8) treatment.

关 键 词：菠萝 生物炭 土壤微生物 土壤养分 心腐病 

分 类 号：S436.68[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S154.3[农业科学—植物保护]