滨海盐碱稻区水稻氮肥适宜用量及运筹模式研究  

Study on the optimum nitrogen application rate and nitrogen application model on rice in coastal saline-alkaline regions

作　　者：李波[1] 曲航 宫亮[1] 金丹丹 于广星 郑文静 孙文涛[1] LI Bo;QU Hang;GONG Liang;JIN Dan-dan;YU Guang-xing;ZHENG Wen-jing;SUN Wen-tao(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang Liaoning 110161;Liaoning Rice Research Institute,Shenyang Liaoning 110101)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所,辽宁沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省水稻研究所,辽宁沈阳110101

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第2期130-137,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目(2022JH2/101300283);中央引导地方科技发展资金(2023JH6/100100033);辽宁省农业科学院院长基金项目(2022QN2305)。

摘　　要：通过在辽河三角洲滨海盐碱稻区设置田间小区试验,探明了不同氮肥用量(0~420 kg/hm^(2))和运筹模式(基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥分别为6∶3∶1与4∶3∶3,以下简称6∶3∶1模式与4∶3∶3模式)对水稻生长发育以及产量品质的影响。通过对水稻分蘖动态调查研究表明,两种氮肥运筹模式下水稻平均茎蘖数均与施氮量呈显著正相关(r^(2)≥0.90),同时,6∶3∶1模式下氮肥用量对水稻平均茎蘖数的影响程度高于4∶3∶3模式。通过分析不同施氮量与产量的相关关系,发现了两者符合线性加平台肥料效应模型,拟合得到6∶3∶1模式与4∶3∶3模式下的最佳施氮量(EONR)分别为216 kg/hm^(2)(210~235 kg/hm^(2))与316 kg/hm^(2)(300~332 kg/hm^(2)),6∶3∶1模式的EONR比4∶3∶3模式高46.3%。通过考查两种氮肥运筹模式下的氮素利用率指标,发现4∶3∶3模式下各处理氮素利用率(37.2%~40.8%)显著高于6∶3∶1模式(29.9%~34.2%)。通过分析稻米营养与食味品质,在兼顾产量的前提下,再次明确了6∶3∶1模式与4∶3∶3模式下适宜氮肥用量分别为300~332与210~235 kg/hm^(2)。综合考虑水稻产量、氮素利用率以及稻米品质3个指标,推荐辽河三角洲滨海盐碱稻区的适宜氮肥施用量为210~235 kg/hm^(2),最宜采用的氮肥运筹模式为4∶3∶3。研究结果可以为辽河三角洲盐碱稻区合理施肥与氮肥高效利用提供切实的技术指导,为该地区水稻产业绿色发展提供理论支撑。Field experiments in the coastal saline-alkaline rice area of the Liaohe River Delta were implemented to investigate the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates(0-420 kg/hm^(2))and application methods(6∶3∶1 and 4∶3∶3 for basal fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶panicle fertilizer)on rice growth,as well as yield and quality.Dynamic investigations of rice tillering showed that the average number of tillers per hectare was positively correlated with nitrogen application rate under both 6∶3∶1 and 4∶3∶3 modes(r^(2)≥0.90),and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the average number of tillers was greater under the 6∶3∶1 mode than under the 4∶3∶3 mode.By analyzing the relationship between different nitrogen application rates and yield,a linear-plus-plateau fertilizer response model was fitted for both modes.The optimal nitrogen application rates(EONR)under the 6∶3∶1 and 4∶3∶3 modes were determined to be 216 kg/hm^(2)(range:210-235 kg/hm^(2))and 316 kg/hm^(2)(range:300-332 kg/hm^(2)),respectively,and the EONR under the 6∶3∶1 mode was 46.3%higher than that under the 4∶3∶3 mode.By comparing nitrogen use efficiency,it was found that nitrogen use efficiency was significantly higher under the 4∶3∶3 mode(37.2%-40.8%)than under the 6∶3∶1 mode(29.9%-34.2%)for all treatments.By analyzing rice nutrition and taste quality,while considering yield,it was further confirmed that the appropriate nitrogen application rates under the 6∶3∶1 and 4∶3∶3 modes were 300-332 and 210-235 kg/hm^(2),respectively.Considering the three indicators of rice yield,nitrogen use efficiency,and rice quality,this study recommends an appropriate nitrogen application rate of 210-235 kg/hm^(2) and the 4∶3∶3 mode in the coastal saline-alkali rice area of the Liaohe River Delta.These results provide practical technical guidance for rational fertilization and efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer for Liaohe River Delta,which can be helpful for green development of the rice industry in the

关 键 词：水稻 滨海盐碱稻区 产量与品质 适宜施氮量 氮肥运筹模式 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]