氮素不同形态对早熟马铃薯产量和氮素积累的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen forms on yield and nitrogen accumulation of early maturing potato

作　　者：贾明飞 樊建英[1] 封志明[1] 李东玉[1] 相丛超 胡金雪 张淑青[1] 杨云马[2] JIA Ming-fei;FAN Jian-ying;FENG Zhi-ming;LI Dong-yu;XIANG Cong-chao;HU Jin-xue;ZHANG Shuqing;YANG Yun-ma(Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050041;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang Hebei 050051)

机构地区：[1]石家庄市农林科学研究院,河北石家庄050041 [2]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第2期146-151,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(202121326320D-2);河北省农业产业技术体系薯类创新团队项目(HBCT2023060201)。

摘　　要：以早熟马铃薯品种石薯1号为试验材料,通过田间小区试验,研究不同形态氮素(铵态氮、硝态氮、酰胺态氮)对早熟马铃薯干物质积累和氮素吸收动态的影响。结果表明:各处理马铃薯干物质积累符合Logistic生长曲线,铵态氮(NF1)、硝态氮(NF2)和酰胺态氮(NF3)处理成熟期干物质量分别为16401.6、15603.6和16383.0 kg·hm^(-2)。各处理马铃薯氮素累积速率均在现蕾期前显著上升,之后下降,进入成熟期后再次上升,并且NF3处理成熟期后氮累积速率显著高于其他处理,达5.53 kg·hm^(-2)·d^(-1)。成熟期氮素累积量NF3显著大于NF2和CK处理,与NF1处理差异不显著。NF3处理马铃薯氮素表观利用率显著高于NF1和NF2处理,为39.69%,且农学效率显著大于NF2处理,为52.67 kg·kg^(-1)。NF3处理商品薯产量显著大于其他处理,为56688 kg·hm^(-2);总产量为59460 kg·hm^(-2),显著大于不施氮对照和NF2处理。综合来看,在河北省二季作区马铃薯施用酰胺态氮能够显著促进马铃薯氮素吸收和利用,并提高商品薯产量,为本试验条件下的最优处理。The cultivation area of early-maturing potato in the double cropping area of Hebei province was gradually increasing.It was of great significance for the development of early-maturing potato industry in Hebei province to clarify the growth characteristics and nutrient absorption and utilization of early-maturing potato under the current nitrogen input level.A comprehensive evaluation of potato dry matter accumulation,nitrogen uptake and accumulation and potato yield under different nitrogen forms(ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and amide nitrogen,remarking as NF1,NF2 and NF3,respectively)was carried out with early maturing potato cultivar Shishu 1 as test material.The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of early-maturing potatoes in each treatment was consistent with the logistic growth curve,and the dry matter accumulation in the whole growth period of NF1,NF2 and NF3 treatments were 16401.6,15603.6 and 16383.0 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.The nitrogen accumulation rate of potato in each treatment increased significantly before the budding stage,and then decreased.After entering the mature stage,the nitrogen accumulation rate of potatoes in NF3 treatment increased significantly,reaching 5.53 kg·hm^(-2)·d^(-1).The nitrogen accumulation of NF3 in the mature period was significantly higher than that in NF2 and CK treatments,and there was no significant difference compared to NF1 treatment.The nitrogen utilization rate of potatoes in NF3 treatment was 39.69%,and it was significantly higher than that in NF1 and NF2 treatment,and its agronomic efficiency was 52.67 kg·kg^(-1)which was significantly higher than that in NF2 treatment.The yield of commercial potato in NF3 treatment was 56688 kg·hm^(-2),which was significantly higher than that in other treatments,and the total yield was 59460 kg·hm^(-2),which was significantly higher than that in control without nitrogen fertilizer and NF2 treatment.In conclusion,under the nitrogen input level of potato in the double cropping area of Hebei province,applying

关 键 词：不同氮素形态 早熟马铃薯 干物质累积 氮素累积 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]