粉碎粒径对番茄和辣椒秸秆堆肥木质纤维素降解特征的影响  

Effect of comminution size on lignocellulose degradation characteristics of tomato and pepper straw compost

作　　者：杨冬艳[1] 王丹 桑婷 冯海萍[1] 赵云霞[1] YANG Dong-yan;WANG Dan;SANG Ting;FENG Hai-ping;ZHAO Yun-xia(Institute of Horticulture,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Yinchuan Ningxia 750002)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第2期210-219,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960592,31560570);宁夏回族自治区科技创新领军人才项目(2021GKLRLX11)。

摘　　要：为探索茄果类蔬菜秸秆在菜田就近进行好氧堆肥粉碎条件,研究了2种粉碎粒径(碾压粉碎2~5 cm、切割粉碎1~2 cm)对3种蔬菜秸秆(番茄、辣椒及二者混合秸秆)堆肥的木质纤维素降解特征的影响。结果表明,番茄、辣椒和混合秸秆在堆肥过程中木质纤维素组分降解率由高到底依次为半纤维素>纤维素>木质素,大粒径处理能够降低堆肥初始木质纤维素的含量,同时加快纤维素和半纤维素在堆肥后期的降解;小粒径处理则能够提高堆肥积温,促进木质素的降解。冗余分析表明,纤维素和半纤维素降解是促进全碳降解的关键因素。大粒径处理的3种秸秆初始全氮、全磷、全钾和腐植酸含量显著高于小粒径处理,且在堆肥结束时大粒径处理的氮、磷、钾总养分含量(8.03%)和腐植酸含量(12.15%)仍显著高于小粒径处理(6.88%、9.44%)。在生产中,蔬菜产地可选择秸秆还田机碾压粉碎至2~5 cm粒径或容重0.3 g/cm^(3)下的粉碎粒径对茄果类蔬菜秸秆进行堆肥,有助于木质纤维素的降解和堆肥质量的提高。In order to explore the technological parameters of aerobic composting of eggplant vegetable straw in nearby vegetable fields,the effects of two comminution size(2-5 cm by grinding and 1-2 cm by cutting)on the lignocellulose degradation and ripening quality of tomato,pepper and their mixed straw compost were studied.The results showed that the degradation rate of lignocellulose components in the composting process of tomato,pepper and their mixed straw was in the order of hemicellulose>cellulose>lignin.The big particle size treatment A reduced the initial lignocellulose mass fraction of compost,and accelerated the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose in the later stage of composting.The small particle size treatment B increased the compost temperature and promoted the degradation of lignin.Redundancy analysis showed that the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose was the key factor to promote the degradation of total carbon.The initial total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,and humic acid contents of the three kinds of straws in treatment A were significantly higher than those in treatment B,and the total nutrient content(8.03%)and humic acid content(12.15%)in treatment A were still significantly higher than those in treatment B(6.88%and 9.44%)at the end of composting.In production,the eggplant vegetable straw with a particle size of 2-5 cm or unit weight of 0.3 g/cm^(3) could be chosen to compost in vegetable producing areas,which helped to degrade lignocellulose and improve the quality of composting.

关 键 词：粉碎粒径 番茄和辣椒秸秆 堆肥 木质纤维素 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]